esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-124-309-366esoil-1001Research ArticleСпециальный номер "Органическое вещество почв"Special Issue "Soil Organic Matter"Физические механизмы стабилизации углерода почвами (обзор)Physical mechanisms of carbon stabilization in soils (a review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-3090ЮдинаА. В.YudinaA. V.

Юдина Анна Викторовна, к.б.н., зав. лаб., с.н.с. лаб. физики и гидрологии почв 

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

IstinaResearcherID (IRID): 8510728

ResearcherID: R-9840-2016

Scopus Author ID: 57193404063

 

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

yudina_av@esoil.ruКлюеваВ. В.KlyuevaV. V.

Клюева Валерия Валерьевна

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

klyueva_vv@esoil.ruТимофееваМ. В.TimofeevaM. V.

Тимофеева Мария Валерьевна

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

timofeeva_mv@esoil.ruСеменовМ. В.SemenovM. V.

Семенов Михаил Вячеславович

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

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mikhail.v.semenov@gmail.comБардашевД. Р.BardashovD. R.

Бардашев Даниил Романович

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

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bardashev_dr@esoil.ruКочневаМ. А.KochnevaM. A.

Кочнева Мария Александровна

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kochneva_ma@esoil.ruМитичкинД. Е.MitichkinD. E.

Митичкин Дмитрий Евгеньевич

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mitichkin_de@esoil.ruФоминД. С.FominD. S.

Фомин Дмитрий Сергеевич

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fomin_ds@esoil.ruРоманенкоК. А.RomanenkoK. A.

Романенко Константин Александрович

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romanenko_ka@esoil.ruФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian Federation2025200920250124"Почвенное органическое вещество"309366Copyright © Юдина А.В., Клюева В.В., Тимофеева М.В., Семенов М.В., Бардашев Д.Р., Кочнева М.А., Митичкин Д.Е., Фомин Д.С., Романенко К.А., 20252025Юдина А.В., Клюева В.В., Тимофеева М.В., Семенов М.В., Бардашев Д.Р., Кочнева М.А., Митичкин Д.Е., Фомин Д.С., Романенко К.А.Yudina A.V., Klyueva V.V., Timofeeva M.V., Semenov M.V., Bardashov D.R., Kochneva M.A., Mitichkin D.E., Fomin D.S., Romanenko K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/1001

Стабилизация почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ) является ключевым условием сохранения плодородия и сокращения эмиссии углекислого газа из почвы в атмосферу в процессе сельскохозяйственной деятельности. Актуальным научно-практическим направлением исследований является разработка технологий возделывания, обеспечивающих оптимальные физические свойства почвы для роста и развития растений, а также для жизнедеятельности почвенного микробиома. Это требует понимания физических механизмов регуляции баланса углерода (С) почв и процессов трансформации органических веществ. Цель данной статьи – сделать обзор существующих представлений о физических факторах и механизмах стабилизации С в почвах, а также описать физические процессы, регулирующие цикл С почв. Взаимосвязь процессов трансформации ПОВ и физических факторов почвообразования показана через призму современного понимания концепции структурной организации почв, так как ПОВ играет ключевую роль в формировании почвенной структуры и определяет ее качество. Проведен анализ развития методов и методологии физики почв, и рассмотрены наиболее перспективные для понимания цикла С направления исследований. Особое внимание в обзоре уделено влиянию физических свойств почв на рост и развитие растений как основного источника поступающих органических веществ и необходимого условия для секвестрации С почвами. Также рассмотрены существующие ограничения для использования физических параметров почв в математическом моделировании процессов стабилизации С.

Stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) is a key factor for maintaining fertility and reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the soil into the atmosphere during agricultural activities. A relevant scientific and practical area of research is the development of cultivation technologies that provide optimal physical properties of the soil for the plant growth and development, as well as for the vital activity of the soil microbiome. Understanding the physical mechanisms that regulate the carbon (C) balance of soils and the transformation of organic matter is therefore essential. This paper is aimed to provide an overview of existing concepts concerning the physical factors and mechanisms of C stabilization in soils, and to describe the physical processes regulating the C cycle in soils. The relationship between the SOM transformation processes and the physical factors of soil formation is shown through the modern understanding of the concept of the structural organization of soils, since SOM plays a key role in the formation of the soil structure and determines its quality. The development of methods and methodology of soil physics is analyzed and the most promising research areas for understanding the C cycle are considered. The review pays special attention to the influence of physical properties of soils on the growth and development of plants, as the main source of incoming organic matter and a necessary condition for sequestration of C by soils. The existing limitations in using of soil physical parameters in mathematical modeling of C stabilization processes are also considered.

почвенное органическое веществопулы углерода почвструктура почвгранулометрический состав почвлазерная дифрактометриякомпьютерная томографияматематическое моделированиеsoil organic mattersoil carbon poolssoil structureparticle size distribution of soilslaser diffractometryrheometrycomputed tomographymathematical modelingПубликация подготовлена в рамках Государственного задания ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева” при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России (проект FGUR-2025-0005 “Разработать современный инструментарий количественной оценки естественных и антропогенных изменений физического состояния и минералого- микроморфологических свойств почв в условиях изменяющегося климата”, рег. Nº 125042105330-8)This paper was prepared within the framework of the state assignment of the Federal Research Center “Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute” with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (project FGUR- 2025-0005 “Development of a modern toolset for quantitative assessment of natural and anthropogenic changes in the physical state and mineralogical and micromorphological properties of soils in a changing climate”, No. 125042105330-8)ReferencesАбросимов К.Н., Герке К. М., Фомин Д.С., Романенко К.А., Корост Д.В. Томография в почвоведении: от первых опытов к современным методам (обзор) // Почвоведение. 2021. Т. 55. №. 9. С. 1097–1112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032180X21090021.Abrosimov K.N., Fomin D.S., Romanenko K.A., Korost D.V., Gerke K.M. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.