esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2026-127-62-71esoil-1058Research ArticleСтатьиПочвы и антропогенное изменение климатаSoil and anthropogenic climate changehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-2972LalR.LalR.

Columbus, Ohio, 43210 

Rattan Lal 

Columbus, Ohio, 43210 

burmistrovaann13@mail.ruCFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State UniversityСоединённые Штаты АмерикиCFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State UniversityUnited States20261304202601276271Copyright © Lal R., 20262026Lal R.Lal R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/1058

К глобальным проблемам XXI в. относятся: 1) антропогенное изменение климата, 2) недостаток и истощение запасов питательных веществ, 3) нехватка воды и эвтрофикация, 4) сокращение биоразнообразия, 5) деградация почв и опустынивание и т. д. Большинство этих и других проблем вызваны и усугубляются нерациональным использованием земель и некорректными методами управления почвенными и водными ресурсами, и выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур. Таким образом, сельское хозяйство должно быть преобразовано, чтобы способствовать решению проблемы, обеспечивая большие объемы производства с привлечением меньшего количества ресурсов, сокращая их потери и повышая эффективность использования. Почва является крупнейшим резервуаром углерода в наземной биосфере и содержит 2 400 млрд т С (Пг С) в метровом слое, в то время как его содержание в атмосфере составляет 850 млрд т, а в деревьях и древесных многолетниках – 620 млрд т. Почвы и экосистемы являются источником парниковых газов с момента зарождения сельского хозяйства из-за вырубки лесов, сжигания биомассы, осушения болот, деградации почв, а также применения агрохимикатов и энергоносителей. Почвы агроэкосистем могут быть преобразованы из источника в поглотитель атмосферного CO2 путем внедрения проверенных и оптимальных методов управления, адаптированных под конкретные территории. Развитие углеродного земледелия может решить проблемы продовольственной и алиментарной безопасности и способствовать достижению целей устойчивого развития Организации Объединенных Наций.

Among global issues of the 21st century are: 1) anthropogenic climate change, 2) under- and mal-nourishment, 3) water scarcity and eutrophication, 4) dwindling biodiversity, 5) soil degradation and desertification, etc. Most of these and other issues are caused and exacerbated by land misuse, and inappropriate practices of soil / crop / water mismanagement. Thus, agriculture must be transformed to be a part of the solution by producing more from less, reducing losses, and increasing use efficiency of inputs. Soil is the largest reservoir of C stock in the terrestrial biosphere and contains 2400 PgC to 1-m depth compared with 850 PgC in the atmosphere and 620 PgC in trees and woody perennials. Soils and ecosystems have been the source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) since the onset of agriculture because of deforestation, biomass burning, draining of wetlands, soil degradation, and inputs of agro-chemicals and energy-based inputs. Soils of agro-ecosystems can be transformed from a source to a sink of atmospheric CO2 by adoption of site-specific proven and best management practices. Upscaling C-farming can address food and nutritional security and advance Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.