References

esoil

Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева

Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin

0136-16942312-4202

V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

10.19047/0136-1694-2016-84-101-118

esoil-228

Research Article

Статьи

Биогеохимия лантанидов в почвах

The Biogeochemistry of Lantanides in Soils

Водяницкий

Ю. Н.

Vodyanitskii

Yu. N.

yu.vodyan@mail.ru

Рогова

О. Б.

Rogova

O. B.

olga_rogova@inbox.r

МГУ им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation

Почвенный институт им. В.В. ДокучаеваРоссияV.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science InstituteRussian Federation

2016

01072016

084101118

2016

Водяницкий Ю.Н., Рогова О.Б.

Vodyanitskii Y.N., Rogova O.B.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/228

Литогенные минералы, содержащие лантаниды (Ln), неустойчивы в зоне гипергенеза. Их растворение обедняет почвы лантанидами, особенно в гумидных регионах. В сухостепной зоне при нейтральной реакции среды лантаниды теряют подвижность и становятся недоступными растениям. Лантаниды обладают высокой биохимической и биологической активностью. Установлено физиологическое действие лантанидов на растения. Отдельные части сосудистых растений в разной степени накапливают лантаниды. Различие достигает 100-кратного уровня. Во многих растениях уменьшение накопления лантанидов идет в таком порядке: корни > листья > стебли > зерно/плоды. Аккумуляторы лантанидов (например, папоротники), способствуют их накоплению в гумусовом горизонте почв. В Китае широко применяют лантанидсодержащие удобрения в виде опудривания семян и внекорневой подкормки в почвах с дефицитом лантанидов - с низким валовым содержанием и/или с низкой их доступностью. Несмотря на то, что в лабораторных условиях при умеренном повышении концентрации Ln в растворе часто фиксируют повышение урожайности культур, при внесении лантанидов в почвы положительный эффект наблюдается не всегда. В почвах с высокой сорбционной емкостью основная доля Ln сорбируется, резкое же повышение доз снижает урожайность растений. Легкие лантаниды обладают физическим и химическим сродством с Cа2+, масштабное замещение Cа2+ лантанидами вредит развитию растений. Высокие дозы лантанидов негативно влияют на биохимические процессы в растениях. Конкуренция с железом и фосфором обусловлена близкой растворимостью фосфатов железа и лантана: накопление La в тканях растений влияет на содержание в них P и Fe.

The lithogenous minerals containing lantanides (Ln) are unsustainable within the zone of hypergenesis. Their dilution impoverish soils in terms of lantanides content, especially in humid regions. In conditions of neutral environmental pH in dry steppe zone, the lantanides loose their mobility, and, hence, become unavailable for plants. The lantanides are characterized by the high biochemical and biological activity. The physiologic impact of lantanides on plants is set. The separate parts of vascular plants accumulate lantanides in different degree. The difference may reach 100-fold level. For many plants the accumulation of lantanides occurs at the reverse order: roots > leaves > stalks > grain/fruits. Lantanides accumulators (such as brackens), promote their accumulation within the humus layer of soils. Fertilizers with lantanides are widely implemented in China. They powder seeds and implement top dressing in soils with lantanides deficit, i.e., with low bulk content and/or with low availability for plants. Although at moderate increasing of Ln concentration in solution, there is often observed the increasing of the crop yield in laboratory conditions. However, the implementation of lantanides in the soil does not always give the positive effect. The main share of Ln in the soils with high sorption capacity is sorbed, and the increasing of doses leads to the decrease of the yield. The light lantanides are characterized by physical and chemical properties equal to Cа2+. And the mass replacement of Cа2+ by lantanides harms the development of plants. The high doses of lantanides have a negative impact on the biochemical processes in plants. The competition with iron and phosphorus is stipulated by the close solubility of iron and lanthanum phosphates: the accumulation of La in plants tissues affects the content of P and Fe within them.

удобренияаккумуляция растениямифракционирование лантанидовурожайностьfertilizersthe mobility of elementsfractionation of lantanidescrop yield

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.