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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2015-78-20-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разрушение межагрегатных связей между частицами почвы в процессе водной эрозии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Destruction of bonds between soil particles in the process of water erosion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горобец</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorobets</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добровольская</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrovol’Skaya</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирюхина</surname><given-names>З. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryukhina</surname><given-names>Z. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>С. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионов</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">larionov425@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвин</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvin</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Географический факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University Faculty of Geography</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>78</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бушуева О.Г., Горобец А.В., Добровольская Н.Г., Кирюхина З.П., Краснов С.Ф., Ларионов Г.А., Литвин Л.Ф., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бушуева О.Г., Горобец А.В., Добровольская Н.Г., Кирюхина З.П., Краснов С.Ф., Ларионов Г.А., Литвин Л.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bushueva O.G., Gorobets A.V., Dobrovol’Skaya N.G., Kiryukhina Z.P., Krasnov S.F., Larionov G.A., Litvin L.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/3">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/3</self-uri><abstract><p>Сопротивление разрыву образцов почвы на три порядка больше, чем касательные напряжения на дне склоновых потоков, которые производят работу по отрыву и транспорту почвенных частиц. Ц.Е. Мирцхулава полагал, что отрыв частиц почвы потоком происходит в результате усталостного нарушения связей между частицами почвы. С учетом этого сопротивление почвы разрыву уменьшается на два порядка. М.А. Неаринг полагал, что отрыв частиц почвы совершается в точках срыва вихрей со дна потока, где касательное напряжение на два порядка больше, чем его средняя величина. Эти подходы не объясняют преодоления силы сцепления между частицами почвы склоновыми потоками. Результаты исследования влияния температуры воды на скорость размыва модельных образцов почвы показали сильную зависимость эрозии от температуры воды, которая близка к правилу Вант-Гоффа. Экспериментально показано, что разрушение связей между частицами почвы в образце черноземной монозернистой почвы происходит под слоем неподвижной воды. После пуска потока воды в первые же мгновения срываются все частицы, лишившиеся связей с остальной почвенной массой. С увеличением продолжительности пребывания образца под слоем неподвижной воды количество частиц с нарушенными связями растет с некоторым замедлением. Эксперименты подтверждают справедливость гипотезы о негидравлическом характере сил, приводящих к нарушению межагрегатных связей в процессе водной эрозии. В реальных условиях, очевидно, работают все три отмеченных выше механизма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is known that tensile strength of soil samples is by three orders of magnitude greater than the shear stresses on the bottom of slope streams responsible for the detachment and transport of soil particles by water current. C.E. Mirtskhulava believed that detachment of soil particles by water current occurs due to the fatigue destruction of bonds between soil particles.Taking this fact into account, tensile strength is lower by two orders of magnitude. M.A. Nearing had an opinion that detachment of soil particles occurs in the points of separation of vortices from the bottom of the stream, where the shear stress is by two orders of magnitude higher than the average. These approaches did not explain overcoming by slope streams of the cohesion forces between soil particles. Studies of the influence of water temperature on the washout rate of model samples have shown that the soil erosion is highly dependent on the water temperature, which is close to the Van’t Hoff’s rule. This means that destruction of bonds between soil particles is probably the result of interaction between the soil solid phase and water molecules. Experiments have also shown that destruction of bonds between soil particles in the sample of chernozem monoaggregate soil occurs under a layer of still water. Upon the start of the water flow, particles that lost bond with the rest of the soil body immediately break away. The number of particles with disrupted bonds grows with the duration of the sample exposure to still water, although with some flattening. Experiments confirm the validity of the hypothesis of non-hydraulic nature of forces that disrupt inter-aggregate bonds during water erosion.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>механизм эрозии</kwd><kwd>межагрегатные связи</kwd><kwd>сопротивление почвы разрыву</kwd><kwd>правило Вант-Гоффа</kwd><kwd>разрушение межагрегатных связей</kwd><kwd>mechanism of erosion</kwd><kwd>inter-aggregate bonds</kwd><kwd>soil tensile strength</kwd><kwd>Van’t Hoff’s rule</kwd><kwd>disruption of inter-aggregate bonds</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларионов Г.А., Краснов С.Ф. Вероятностная модель эрозии почв и связных грунтов // Почвоведение. 2000. № 2. 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