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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2018-95-23-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ОТКРЫТОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ПОЧВ ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ОСАДКОВ В МОДЕЛЬНОМ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>TRANSFORMATION OF OPEN SOIL SURFACE UNDER THE IMPACT OF RAINFALL IN MODEL EXPERIMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виндекер</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vindeker</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева, Россия, 119017 Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7, стр. 2МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Россия, 119991 Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Russia, 119017, Moscow, Pizhevski per., 7, build. 2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прудникова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prudnikova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева, Россия, 119017 Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7, стр. 2Российский университет дружбы народов, Россия, 117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Russia, 119017, Moscow, Pizhevski per., 7, build. 2Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia,117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева, Россия, 119017 Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7, стр. 2Российский университет дружбы народов, Россия, 117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Russia, 119017, Moscow, Pizhevski per., 7, build. 2Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia,117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savigory@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева&#13;
МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева&#13;
Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute&#13;
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>95</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виндекер Г.В., Прудникова Е.Ю., Савин И.Ю., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виндекер Г.В., Прудникова Е.Ю., Савин И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vindeker G.V., Prudnikova E.Y., Savin I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/307">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/307</self-uri><abstract><p>В ходе модельного эксперимента на примере образцов пахотного горизонта выщелоченного чернозема, серой лесной и дерново-подзолистой почв в динамике изучали характер трансформации поверхности пахотных почв под воздействием ударной силы дождевых капель. Наблюдения по-казали, что поверхность выщелоченного чернозема и серой лесной почвы трансформировалась схожим образом с образованием корки, разделенной трещинами. При этом корка содержала в себе участки темной (уплотненный тонкодисперсный материал) и светлой (отмытая пылеватая фракция) окраски. Что касается дерново-подзолистой почвы, на ее поверхности наблюдалось накопление песчаных и отмытых минеральных зерен. По результатам классификации изображений поверхности установлено, что при общей тенденции увеличения площади трещин по мере высыхания образца поверхность выщелоченного чернозема растрескивалась быстрее и сильнее, чем поверхность серой лесной почвы. Кроме того, у двух данных типов почв поразному менялось соотношение между темной и светлой частями корки. На разных циклах трансформации, разделенных сильными осадками, отмечено перемещение трещин и увеличение площади светлой части корки, сопровождающееся смещением темной части к трещинам. В результате к концу периода измерений произошло увеличение среднего отражения в каналах RGB по сравнению с исходным образцом. Разница в величине отражения между отдельными каналами также возросла. В ходе эксперимента произошло значительное осветление поверхности. Сильнее всего оно затронуло светлую часть корки и выразилось в существенном увеличении отражения в красном канале.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the model experiment we exposed samples from surface layer of leached chernozem, grey forest and soddy-podzolic soils to study the impact of raindrop action on their surface. According to our results, surface of leached chernozem and grey forest soil transformed similarly forming the crust separated by the cracks. The crust consisted of light (washed silt fraction) and dark (compacted fine material) areas. As for the soddy-podzilic soil, we observed surface accumulation of sand and washed mineral grains. Surface image classification showed that cracks generally tended to increase in area during the surface drying. However, leached chernozem cracked quicker and heavier compared to grey forest soil. In addition, the proportion between light and dark areas of the crust for these two types of soil changed differently as well. In conditions of different transformation cycles divided by heavy rainfalls, the changes of cracks position and the increase of light crust area was observed, while dark area moved to the cracks. Such spatial rearrangement resulted in the increase of average reflectance in RGB channels. The inequality between reflectance in different channels increased as well. During the experiment significant surface lightening occurred. It mainly affected the light area of crust and led to significant rise in reflectance in red channel.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пахотные почвы</kwd><kwd>атмосферные осадки</kwd><kwd>трансформация поверхности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arable soils</kwd><kwd>rainfall</kwd><kwd>surface transformation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прудникова Е.Ю. Автоматизированное картографирование почв по спутниковым данным для проектирования АЛСЗ (на примере тестовых полей в Саратовском Поволжье): Дис. … канд. биол. наук. М., 2013. 237 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prudnikova E.Yu. Automated soil mapping with remote sensing data for the development of ALFS (by the example of test fields in Saratov Povolzhye), candidate’s thesis, Moscow, Moskovskaya sel'skokhozyaistvennaya akademiya imeni K.A. 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