esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2018-95-3-23esoil-311Research ArticleСтатьиTHE GLOBALSOILMAP PROJECT: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE, AND NATIONAL EXAMPLES FROM FRANCETHE GLOBALSOILMAP PROJECT: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE, AND NATIONAL EXAMPLES FROM FRANCEArrouaysD.ArrouaysD.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

Richer-de-ForgesA. C.Richer-de-ForgesA. C.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

McBratneyA. B.McBratneyA. B.

University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

2University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

HarteminkA. E.HarteminkA. E.

University of Wisconsin, Department of Soil Science, Madison, USA

University of Wisconsin, Department of Soil Science, Madison, USA

MinasnyB.MinasnyB.

University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

2University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5441SavinI.SavinI.

Dokutchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017 Moscow, Russia

Dokutchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017 Moscow, Russia

savigory@gmail.comGrundyM.GrundyM.

CSIRO, Australia

CSIRO, Australia

LeenaarsJ. G. B.LeenaarsJ. G. B.

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

PoggioL.PoggioL.

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

RoudierP.RoudierP.

Landcare Research, Manaaki Whenua, New-Zealand

Landcare Research, Manaaki Whenua, New-Zealand

LibohovaZ.LibohovaZ.

US department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Services, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA

US department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Services, Lin-coln, Nebraska, USA

McKenzieN. J.McKenzieN. J.

CSIRO, Australia

CSIRO, Australia

Van den BoschH.Van den BoschH.

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

KempenB.KempenB.

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

ISRIC - World Soil Information, PO box 353, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands

MulderV. L.MulderV. L.

Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

LacosteM.LacosteM.

URSOLS, INRA, 45075, Orléans, France

URSOLS, INRA, 45075, Orléans, France

ChenS.ChenS.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

UMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-Ouest, Rennes, Bretagne, France

SabyN. P. A.SabyN. P. A.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

MartinM. P.MartinM. P.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

Román DobarcoM.Román DobarcoM.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

CousinI.CousinI.

URSOLS, INRA, 45075, Orléans, France

URSOLS, INRA, 45075, Orléans, France

LoiseauT.LoiseauT.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

LehmannS.LehmannS.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

CaubetM.CaubetM.

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

INRA, InfoSol Unit, 45075 Orléans, France

LemercierB.LemercierB.

UMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-Ouest, Rennes, Bretagne, France

UMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-Ouest, Rennes, Bretagne, France

WalterC.WalterC.

UMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-Ouest, Rennes, Bretagne, France

UMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-Ouest, Rennes, Bretagne, France

VaudourE.VaudourE.

UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France

UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France

GomezC.GomezC.

INRA-IRD-Supagro, UMR Lisah, Montpellier, France

INRA-IRD-Supagro, UMR Lisah, Montpellier, France

MarteletG.MarteletG.

BRGM, Direction des Géoressources, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France

BRGM, Direction des Géoressources, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France

KrasilnikovP.KrasilnikovP.

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia

LagacherieP.LagacherieP.

INRA-IRD-Supagro, UMR Lisah, Montpellier, France

INRA-IRD-Supagro, UMR Lisah, Montpellier, France

INRA, InfoSol UnitФранцияINRA, InfoSol UnitFranceUniversity of SydneyАвстралияUniversity of SydneyAustraliaUniversity of Wisconsin, Department of Soil ScienceСоединённые Штаты АмерикиUniversity of Wisconsin, Department of Soil ScienceUnited StatesDokutchaev Soil Science InstituteРоссияDokutchaev Soil Science InstituteRussian FederationCSIROАвстралияCSIROAustraliaISRIC - World Soil InformationНидерландыISRIC - World Soil InformationNetherlandsLandcare Research, Manaaki WhenuaНовая ЗеландияLandcare ResearchNew ZealandUS department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation ServicesСоединённые Штаты АмерикиUS department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation ServicesUnited StatesCSIRO, AustraliaАвстралияCSIROAustraliaSoil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen UniversityНидерландыSoil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen UniversityNetherlandsURSOLS, INRAФранцияURSOLS, INRAFranceINRA, InfoSol UnitФранцияINRA, InfoSol Unit UMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-OuestFranceUMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-OuestФранцияUMR SAS, INRA-Agrocampus-OuestFranceUMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-SaclayФранцияUMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-SaclayFranceINRA-IRD-Supagro, UMR LisahФранцияINRA-IRD-Supagro, UMR LisahFranceBRGM, Direction des GéoressourcesФранцияBRGM, Direction des GéoressourcesFranceLomonosov Moscow State UniversityРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation201801112018095323Copyright © Arrouays D., Richer-de-Forges A., McBratney A., Hartemink A., Minasny B., Savin I., Grundy M., Leenaars J., Poggio L., Roudier P., Libohova Z., McKenzie N., van den Bosch H., Kempen B., Mulder V., Lacoste M., Chen S., Saby N., Martin M., Román Dobarco M., Cousin I., Loiseau T., Lehmann S., Caubet M., Lemercier B., Walter C., Vaudour E., Gomez C., Martelet G., Krasilnikov P., Lagacherie P., 20182018Arrouays D., Richer-de-Forges A., McBratney A., Hartemink A., Minasny B., Savin I., Grundy M., Leenaars J., Poggio L., Roudier P., Libohova Z., McKenzie N., van den Bosch H., Kempen B., Mulder V., Lacoste M., Chen S., Saby N., Martin M., Román Dobarco M., Cousin I., Loiseau T., Lehmann S., Caubet M., Lemercier B., Walter C., Vaudour E., Gomez C., Martelet G., Krasilnikov P., Lagacherie P.Arrouays D., Richer-de-Forges A., McBratney A., Hartemink A., Minasny B., Savin I., Grundy M., Leenaars J., Poggio L., Roudier P., Libohova Z., McKenzie N., van den Bosch H., Kempen B., Mulder V., Lacoste M., Chen S., Saby N., Martin M., Román Dobarco M., Cousin I., Loiseau T., Lehmann S., Caubet M., Lemercier B., Walter C., Vaudour E., Gomez C., Martelet G., Krasilnikov P., Lagacherie P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/311

Soils have critical relevance to global issues, such as food and water security, climate regulation, sustainable energy, desertification and biodiversity protection. As a consequence, soil is becoming one of the top priorities for the global environmental policy agenda. Conventional soil maps suffer from large limitations, i.e. most of them are static and often obsolete, are often generated at coarse scale, and can be uneasy to handle. Digital Soil Mapping has been developed as a solution to generate high-resolution maps of soil properties over large areas. Two projects, GlobalSoilMap and SoilGrids, presently aim at delivering the first generation of global, high-resolution soil property fine grids. In this paper, we briefly describe the GlobalSoilMap history, its present status and present achievements, and illustrate some of these with (mainly) French examples. At given moment there is still an enormous potential for forthcoming research and for delivering products more helpful for end users. Key here is the continuous progress in available co-variates, in their spatial, spectral and temporal coverage and resolution through remote sensing products. All over the world, there is still a very large amount of point soil data still to be rescued and this effort should be pursued and encouraged. Statistically advances are expected by exploring and implementing new models. Especially relevant are spatial-temporal models and contemporary Artificial Intelligence for handling the complex big data. Advances should be made and research efforts are needed on estimating the uncertainties, and even on estimating uncertainties on uncertain-ties. Attempts to merge different model strategies and products (for instance deriving from different covariates, spatial extents, soil data sources, and mod-els) should be made in order to get the most useful information from each of these predictions, and to identify how controlling factors may change depending on scales.

Soils have critical relevance to global issues, such as food and water security, climate regulation, sustainable energy, desertification and biodiversity protec-tion. As a consequence, soil is becoming one of the top priorities for the global environmental policy agenda. Conventional soil maps suffer from large limita-tions, i.e. most of them are static and often obsolete, are often generated at coarse scale, and can be uneasy to handle. Digital Soil Mapping has been developed as a solution to generate high-resolution maps of soil properties over large areas. Two projects, GlobalSoilMap and SoilGrids, presently aim at delivering the first generation of global, high-resolution soil property fine grids. In this paper, we briefly describe the GlobalSoilMap history, its present status and present achievements, and illustrate some of these with (mainly) French examples. At given moment there is still an enormous potential for forthcoming research and for delivering products more helpful for end users. Key here is the continuous progress in available covariates, in their spatial, spectral and temporal coverage and resolution through remote sensing products. All over the world, there is still a very large amount of point soil data still to be rescued and this effort should be pursued and encouraged. Statistically advances are expected by exploring and implementing new models. Especially relevant are spatial-temporal models and contemporary Artificial Intelligence for handling the complex big data. Advances should be made and research efforts are needed on estimating the uncertainties, and even on estimating uncertainties on uncertainties. Attempts to merge different model strategies and products (for instance deriving from different covariates, spatial extents, soil data sources, and models) should be made in order to get the most useful information from each of these predictions, and to identify how controlling factors may change depending on scales.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.