<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2019-99-92-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гетерогенность свойств копролитов дождевых червей Aporrectodea caliginosa и Lumbricus rubellus в модельном опыте на черноземе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The heterogeneity of the properties of the coprolites Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus in model experiment with chernozem soil</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-2269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">6.40.7.4@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakushev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_yakushev84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милановский</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milanovskiy</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2;</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017;</p><p>1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milanovskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева; МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>99</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фролов О.А., Якушев А.В., Милановский Е.Ю., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фролов О.А., Якушев А.В., Милановский Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frolov O.A., Yakushev A.V., Milanovskiy E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/372">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведена оценка изменений физических и микробиологических свойств копролитов дождевых червей Aporrectodea caliginosa и Lumbricus rubellus в лабораторных опытах с использованием пахотного горизонта миграционно-мицелярного чернозема. В копролитах определяли физические параметры: гранулометрический состав, удельную поверхность, рассчитанную по эффективному диаметру частиц; микробиологические параметры: общую численность культивируемых бактерий и ферментативную кинетику липаз по модели Михаэлиса – Ментен с расчетом максимальной скорости реакции (Vm) и константы Михаэлиса (Km). Модельный эксперимент включал два этапа: первый этап – дождевые черви двух видов содержались вместе, во втором – раздельно. Контролем была исходная почва и почва с опадом. Анализировали и сравнивали с контролем копролиты и почву, в которой жили дождевые черви. Два вида дождевых червей дают неаддитивный эффект на физические и микробиологические свойства. В зависимости от видового состава характер изменения отличается. Для двух видов, содержащихся совместно, отмечено снижение в копролитах удельной поверхности, увеличение доли фракции тонкого песка за счет снижения долей ила, мелкой и средней пыли. Отдельно для A. caliginosa установлено, что увеличивается удельная поверхность копролитов по сравнению с контролем, увеличивается доля частиц во фракциях: ила, мелкой, средней, крупной пыли за счет существенного уменьшения фракции тонкого песка. Для копролитов L. rubellus показано снижение удельной поверхности, увеличение долей фракций среднего, тонкого песка и крупной пыли за счет снижения доли фракций ила, мелкой и средней пыли. Численность культивируемых гетеротрофных бактерий выше в копролитах, по сравнению с контролем. Наибольшее увеличение наблюдается при совместном содержании двух видов. Липазная активность (Vm) почвы повышается по сравнению с контролем для двух видов и при содержании одного A. caliginosa. Под действием L. rubellus активность снижается. Копролиты отличаются по всем исследованным свойствами от контроля (почвы и почвы с опадом), а также от почвы, где обитали дождевые черви.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The changes in the physical and microbiological properties of the coprolites of earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus were evaluated in laboratory experiments using the arable horizon of migratory-mycelial chernozem. In coprolites the following physical parameters were determined: particle size distribution, specific surface area, calculated by the effective particle diameter; microbiological parameters: the total number of cultured bacteria and the enzymatic kinetics of lipases according to the Michaelis –Menten model with the calculation of the maximum reaction rate (Vm) and Michaelis constant (Km). The model experiment included two stages: the first stage – earthworms of two species were kept together, in the second – separately. The control was the source soil and the soil with litter. Coprolites and the soil in which earthworms lived were analyzed and compared with the control. Two types of earthworms give a non-additive effect on physical and microbiological properties. Depending on the species composition, the nature of the change is different. For the two species contained together a decrease in the specific surface area in coprolites was noted, as well as an increase in the fraction of the fine sand due to the reduction of the fractions of silt, fine and medium dust. For A. caliginosa kept separately it was found, that the specific surface of coprolites increases compared to the control, the silt and fine, medium, coarse dust, fractions rise due to a significant reduction of the fine sand fraction. For L. rubellus coprolites a decrease in the specific surface area, an increase in the fractions of medium, fine sand and coarse dust, due to the reduction of silt, fine and medium dust fractions, are shown. The number of cultured heterotrophic bacteria is higher in coprolites compared to the control. The greatest increase is observed in the variant where two species are kept together. The lipase activity (Vm) of the soil also increases when two species are kept together compared with the control and with A. caliginosa kept separately. Under the influence of L. rubellus the lipase activity decreases. Coprolites differ in all the investigated properties from the control (soil and soil with litter), as well as from the soil where earthworms lived.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>элементарные почвенные частицы</kwd><kwd>гранулометрический состав</kwd><kwd>удельная поверхность частиц</kwd><kwd>липазная активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>elementary soil particles</kwd><kwd>particle size distribution</kwd><kwd>specific surface area</kwd><kwd>lipase activity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бызов Б.А., Якушев А.В. Микробиологическая характеристика вермикомпостирования методом мультисубстратного тестирования // Почвоведение. 2008. № 11. С. 1381–1387. DOI: 10.1134/S1064229308110112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byzov  B.A.,  Jakushev  A.V.,  Mikrobiologicheskaja  harakteristika vermikompostirovanija  metodom  mul'tisubstratnogo  testirovanija (Microbiological characteristics of vermicomposting by the method of multisubstrate testing), Pochvovedenie, 2008, No. 11, pp. 1381–1387, DOI: 10.1134/S1064229308110112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всеволодова-Перель Т.С. Дождевые черви: Кадастр и определитель. М.: Наука. 1997. 102 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vsevolodova-Perel' T.S., Dozhdevye chervi: Kadastr i opredelitel' (Earthworms: Cadastre and qualifier), Moscow: Nauka, 1997, 102 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Даденко Е.В., Казеев К.Ш. Влияние различных сроков и способов хранения почвенных образцов на ферментативную активность чернозема // Известия высших учебных заведений. Северо-Кавказский регион. Естественные науки. 2004. № 6. С. 61–65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dadenko E.V., Kazeev K.Sh., Vlijanie razlichnyh srokov i sposobov hranenija pochvennyh obrazcov na fermentativnuju aktivnost' chernozema (The influence of different terms and methods of storing soil samples on the enzymatic activity of chernozem), Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Severo-Kavkazskij region, Natural Sciences, 2004, No. 6, pp. 61–65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Звягинцев Д.Г., Бабьева И.П., Зенова Г.М. Биология почв. М.: Изд-во Моск. ун-та, 2005. 445 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zvyagintsev D.G., Bab'eva I.P., Zenova G.M., Biologiya pochv (Soil biology), Moscow: Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta, 2005. 445 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киреева Н.А., Маркарова М.Ю., Щемелинин Т.Н., Рафикова Г.Ф. Ферментативная и микробиологическая активность загрязненных нефтью глееподзолистых почв на разных стадиях их восстановления // Вестник Башкирского университета. 2006. Т. 11. № 4. С. 56–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kireeva N.A., Markarova M.Yu., Shchemelinin T.N., Rafikova G.F., Fermentativnaya i mikrobiologicheskaya aktivnost' zagryaznennykh neft'yu gleepodzolistykh pochv na raznykh stadiyakh ikh vosstanovleniya (Enzymatic and microbiological activity of oil-contaminated geysodzol soils at different stages of their restoration), Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta, 2006, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 56–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутовая О.В. Характеристика гумусовых веществ агродерново-подзолистой почвы и копролитов дождевых червей // Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева. 2012. Вып. 69. С. 46–59. DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2012-69-46-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutovaya O.V., Grebennikov A.M., Tkhakakhova A.K., Isaev V.A., Garmashov V.M., Bespalov V.A., Cheverdin Y.I., Belobrov V.P., The changes in soil-biological processes and structure of microbial community of agrochernozems in conditions of different ways of soil cultivation, Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2018, Vol. 92, pp. 35–61, DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2018-92-35-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутовая О.В., Гребенников А.М., Тхакахова А.К., Исаев В.А., Гармашов В.М., Беспалов В А., Чевердин Ю.И., Белобров В.П. Изменение почвенно-биологических процессов и структуры микробного сообщества агрочерноземов при Разных способах обработки почвы // Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева. 2018. Вып. 92. С. 35–61. DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2018-92-35-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutovaya O.V., Characteristics of humus and coprolites of earthworms in agro-soddy podzolic soils, Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2012, Vol. 69, pp. 46–59, DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2012-69-46-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перель Т.С. Распространение и закономерности распределения дождевых червей фауны СССР. М.: Наука, 1979. 272 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perel' T.S., Rasprostranenie i zakonomernosti raspredeleniya dozhdevykh chervei fauny SSSR (Distribution and distribution patterns of earthworms of the fauna of the USSR), Moscow: Nauka, 1979, 272 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихонов В.В., Бызов Б.А., Завгородняя Ю.А., Демин В.В. Дождевые черви – преобразователи структуры и биологической активности гуминовых кислот // Изв. РАН. Сер. биологическая. 2011. № 1. С. 24–32. DOI: 10.1134/S1062359010061032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhonov V.V., Byzov B.A., Zavgorodnyaya Y.A., Demin V.V., Earthworms as modifiers of the structure and biological activity of humic acids, Biol. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci., 2011, Vol. 38, Issue 1, pp. 17–24, DOI: 10.1134/S1062359010061032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов О.А., Якушев А.В. Влияние на бактериальный гидролитический комплекс гумусо-аккумулятивного горизонта техноурбанозема пассажа через кишечник дождевого червя Aporrectodea caliginosa // Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева. 2018. Вып. 94. С. 57–73. DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2018-92-57-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov O.A., Yakushev A.V., The impact of passage through the intestine of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa on the bacterial community, Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2018, Vol. 94, pp. 57–73, DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2018-92-57-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Храмченкова О., Веремеев В., Бачура Ю. Водоросли почв и копролитов дождевых червей в луговых экосистемах // Наука и инновации. 2012. № 108. С. 67–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khramchenkova O., Veremeev V., Bachura Yu., Vodorosli pochv i koprolitov dozhdevykh chervei v lugovykh ekosistemakh (Algae of soils and coprolites of earthworms in meadow ecosystems), Nauka i innovatsii, 2012, No. 108, pp. 67–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернов Т.И., Холодов В.А., Когут Б.М., Иванов А.Л. Методология микробиологических исследований почвы в рамках проекта “Микробиом России” // Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева. 2017. Вып. 87. С. 100–113. DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2017-87-100-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernov T.I., Kholodov V.A., Kogut B.M., Ivanov A.L., The Method of Microbiological Soil Investigations within the Framework of the Project “Microbiome of Russia”, Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2017, Vol. 87, pp. 100–113, DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2017-87-100-113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юрков А.М., Чернов И.Ю., Тиунов А.В. Влияние дождевых червей Lumbricus terrestris на структуру дрожжевого сообщества лесной подстилки // Микробиология. 2008. Т. 77. № 1. С. 121–125. DOI: 10.1134/S0026261708010153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yurkov A.M., Chernov I.Y., Tiunov A.V., Influence of Lumbricus terrestris earthworms on the structure of the yeast community of forest litter, Microbiology,  2008,  Vol.  77,  Issue  1,  pp.  121–125,  DOI: 10.1134/S0026261708010153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bal L. Morphological investigation in two moder-humus profiles and the role of the soil fauna in their genesis // Geoderma. 1970. Vol. 4. Issue 1. P. 5–36. DOI: 10.1016/0016-7061(70)90030-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bal L., Morphological investigation in two moder-humus profiles and the role of the soil fauna in their genesis, Geoderma, 1970, Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 5–36, DOI: 10.1016/0016-7061(70)90030-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bi Y.M., Tian G.L., Wang C., Zhang Y., Wang D.N., Zhang F.F., Sun Z.J. Differential effects of two earthworm species on Fusarium wilt of strawberry // Appl. Soil Ecology. 2018. Vol. 126. P. 174–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.02.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bi Y.M., Tian G.L., Wang C., Zhang Y., Wang D.N., Zhang F.F., Sun Z.J., Differential effects of two earthworm species on Fusarium wilt of strawberry, Appl.  Soil  Ecology,  2018,  Vol.  126,  pp.  174–181,  DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.02.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blouin M., Hodson M.E., Delgado E.A., Baker G., Brussaard L., Butt K.R., Cluzeau D. A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services // European Journal of Soil Science. 2013. Vol. 64. Vol. 2. P. 161–182. DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blouin M., Hodson M.E., Delgado E.A., Baker G., Brussaard L., Butt K.R., Cluzeau D., A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services, European Journal of Soil Science, 2013, Vol. 64, Vol. 2, pp. 161–182, DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards C.A. Earthworm ecology. CRC press. 2004. 456 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards, Clive A., Earthworm ecology, CRC press, 2004, 456 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filser J., Faber J.H., Tiunov A.V., Brussaard L., Frouz J., Deyn G.D., Uvarov A.V., Berg M.P., Lavelle P., Loreau M., Wall D.H., Querner P., Eijsackers H., Jiménez J.J. Soil fauna: key to new carbon models // Soil. 2016. No. 2. P. 565–582. DOI: 10.5194/soil-2-565-2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filser J., Faber J.H., Tiunov A.V., Brussaard L., Frouz J., Deyn G.D., Uvarov A.V., Berg M.P., Lavelle P., Loreau M., Wall D.H., Querner P., Eijsackers H., Jiménez J.J., Soil fauna: key to new carbon models, Soil, 2016, No. 2, pp. 565–582, DOI: 10.5194/soil-2-565-2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frouz J., Livečková M., Albrechtová J., Chroňáková A., Cajthaml T., Pižl V., Šimáčková H. Is the effect of trees on soil properties mediated by soil fauna? A case study from post-mining sites // Forest Ecology and Management. 2013. Vol. 309. P. 87–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frouz J., Livečková M., Albrechtová J., Chroňáková A., Cajthaml T., Pižl V., Šimáčková H., Is the effect of trees on soil properties mediated by soil fauna? A case study from post-mining sites, Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, Vol. 309, pp. 87–95, DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang K., Xia H. Role of earthworms' mucus in vermicomposting system: Biodegradation tests based on humification and microbial activity // Sci. Total Environ. 2018. Vol. 610–611. P. 703–708. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang K., Xia H., Role of earthworms' mucus in vermicomposting system: Biodegradation tests based on humification and microbial activity, Sci. Total Environ.,  2018,  Vol.  610–611,  pp.  703–708,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laverack N.S. Mechanistic mathematical models of microbial growth in bioreactors and in natural soils: explanation of complex phenomena // Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 1996. Vol. 42. Issue 2–3. P. 179–186. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4754(95)00127-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laverack N.S., Mechanistic mathematical models of microbial growth in bioreactors and in natural soils: explanation of complex phenomena, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 1996, Vol. 42, Issue 2–3, pp. 179–186, DOI: 10.1016/0378-4754(95)00127-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma Y., Filley T.R., Johnston C.T., Crow S.E., Szlavecz K., McCormick M.K. The combined controls of land use legacy and earthworm activity on soil organic matter chemistry and particle association during afforestation // Organic geochemistry. 2013. Vol. 58. P. 56–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.02.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma Y., Filley T.R., Johnston C.T., Crow S.E., Szlavecz K., McCormick M.K., The combined controls of land use legacy and earthworm activity on soil organic matter chemistry and particle association during afforestation, Organic  geochemistry,  2013,  Vol.  58,  pp.  56–68,  DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.02.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peigne J., Vian J.F., Payet V., Saby N.P. Soil fertility after 10 years of conservation tillage in organic farming // Soil and Tillage Res. 2018. Vol. 175. P. 194– 204. DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2017.09.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peigne J., Vian J.F., Payet V., Saby N.P., Soil fertility after 10 years of conservation tillage in organic farming, Soil and Tillage Res., 2018, Vol. 175, pp. 194– 204, DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2017.09.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Römbke J., Jänsch S., Didden W., Römbke J., Jänsch S., Didden W. The use of earthworms in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts // Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2005. Vol. 62. Issue 2. P. 249–265. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Römbke J., Jänsch S., Didden W., Römbke J., Jänsch S., Didden W., The use of earthworms in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2005, Vol. 62, Issue 2, pp. 249–265, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez-Hernandez J.C. Biochar activation with exoenzymes induced by earthworms: A novel functional strategy for soil quality promotion // J. Hazardous Materials. 2018. Vol. 350. P. 136–143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez-Hernandez J.C., Biochar activation with exoenzymes induced by earthworms: A novel functional strategy for soil quality promotion, J. Hazardous  Materials,  2018,  Vol.  350,  pp.  136–143,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez-Hernandez J.C., del Pino J.N., Capowiez Y., Mazzia C., Rault M. Soil enzyme dynamics in chlorpyrifos-treated soils under the influence of earthworms // Sci. Total Environ. 2018. Vol. 612. P. 1407–1416. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez-Hernandez J.C., del Pino J.N., Capowiez Y., Mazzia C., Rault M., Soil enzyme dynamics in chlorpyrifos-treated soils under the influence of earthworms, Sci. Total Environ., 2018, Vol. 612, pp. 1407–1416, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Satchell J.E. Earthworm microbiology // Earthworm ecology from Darwin to vermiculture. London, N.Y, 1983. P. 351–364. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5965-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Satchell J.E., Earthworm microbiology, Earthworm ecology from Darwin to vermiculture, London, N.Y, 1983, pp. 351–364, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5965-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schnürer J., Rosswall T. Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total microbial activity in soil and litter // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1982. Vol. 43(6). P. 1256–1261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schnürer J., Rosswall T., Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total microbial activity in soil and litter, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1982, Vol. 43(6), pp. 1256–1261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhimin Y.U.A.N., Haijun L.I.U., Jun H.A.N., Jingjing S.U.N., Xiaoying W.U., Jun, Y.A.O. Monitoring soil microbial activities in different cropping systems using combined methods // Pedosphere. 2017. Vol. 27. No. 1. P. 138–146. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60100-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhimin Y.U.A.N., Haijun L.I.U., Jun H.A.N., Jingjing S.U.N., Xiaoying W.U., Jun, Y.A.O., Monitoring soil microbial activities in different cropping systems using combined methods, Pedosphere, 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 138–146, DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60100-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
