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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2019-100-159-189</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-391</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная оценка влияния нулевой и традиционной обработки на биологическую активность агрочерноземов  Ставропольского края</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative evaluation of the influence of no-till and traditional treatment on the biological activity of agricultural chernozem of the Stavropol region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутовая</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutovaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутовая Ольга Владимировна</p><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">langobard@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тхакахова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkhakakhova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azida271183@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gosmv@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chern-off@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ксенофонтова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ksenofontova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2, </p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017, </p><p>1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natali9020010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhelezova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alferrum@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиумаров</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhiumarov</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>356243, Ставропольский край, г. Михайловск, ул. Парковая, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>19 Parkovaya Str., Stavropol'skiy kray, g. Mikhaylovsk, 356243</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-6536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стукалов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stukalov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>356243, Ставропольский край, г. Михайловск, ул. Парковая, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>19 Parkovaya Str., Stavropol'skiy kray, g. Mikhaylovsk, 356243</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2, </p><p>195220, Санкт-Петербург, Гражданский просп., д.14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017,</p><p>14 Grazhdansky prosp., St. Petersburg 195220</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ektrnivanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитин Дмитрий Алексеевич, научный сотрудник</p><p>Отдел биологии и биохимии почв, группа почвенной микробиологии</p><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p><p>SPIN-код 8133-6513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrit A. Nikitin </p><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 2119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimnik90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В.Докучаева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В.Докучаева;&#13;
МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute;&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ "Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В.Докучаева;&#13;
Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute;&#13;
Agrophysical Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>100</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кутовая О.В., Тхакахова А.К., Семенов М.В., Чернов Т.И., Ксенофонтова Н.А., Железова А.Д., Гаджиумаров Р.Г., Стукалов Р.С., Иванова Е.А., Никитин Д.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кутовая О.В., Тхакахова А.К., Семенов М.В., Чернов Т.И., Ксенофонтова Н.А., Железова А.Д., Гаджиумаров Р.Г., Стукалов Р.С., Иванова Е.А., Никитин Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutovaya O.V., Tkhakakhova A.K., Semenov M.V., Chernov T.I., Ksenofontova N.A., Zhelezova A.D., Gadzhiumarov R.G., Stukalov R.S., Ivanova E.A., Nikitin D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/391">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/391</self-uri><abstract><p>С помощью метода посева на элективные питательные среды оценена численность и активность таксономических (бактерии, актиномицеты, микромицеты) и функциональных (азотфиксаторы, аммонификаторы, денитрификаторы амилолитики, целлюлолитики) групп микроорганизмов в агрочерноземах Ставропольского края под влиянием различных систем обработки почвы – прямого посева (no-till) и вспашки с оборотом пласта (традиционная обработка). Анализы проводили для вариантов с озимой пшеницей, кукурузой, подсолнечником и соей при внесении/отсутствии минеральных удобрений. Традиционная обработка почвы для большинства сельскохозяйственных культур приводит к росту активности аэробных аммонификаторов, целлюлолитиков, денитрификаторов, актиномицетов и микромицетов. Технология no-till, в свою очередь, повышает интенсивность анаэробных целлюлолитиков и азотфиксаторов, аэробных диазотрофов и амилолитиков. Наиболее отзывчивой культурой, под которой увеличивалась биологическая активность практически всех групп микроорганизмов на полях no-till, стала кукуруза, тогда как озимая пшеница повышала численность микроорганизмов при вспашке. Применение минеральных удобрений повышало биологическую активность почвы под подсолнечником при прямом посеве, в то время как при традиционной обработке значения данного параметра увеличивались на фоне отсутствия минеральных удобрений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using the method of inoculation on elective nutrient media, the abundance and activity of taxonomic (bacteria, actinomycetes, micromycetes) and functional (nitrogen fixers, ammonifiers, denitrifiers of amylolytic, cellulolytic) groups of microorganisms in agrochernozems of the Stavropol region under the influence of various tillage systems – direct seeding (no-till) and moldboard plowing with the turnover of soil horizon (traditional treatment). Analyzes were carried out for such crops as winter wheat, corn, sunflower and soybean with/without application of mineral fertilizers. Traditional tillage for the majority of crops leads to increased activity of aerobic ammonifiers, cellulolytics, denitrifiers, actinomycetes and micromycetes. No-till technology, in its turn, increases the intensity of anaerobic cellulolytics and nitrogen fixers, aerobic diazotrophs and amylolytics activity. The most responsive crop, under which the biological activity of almost all groups of microorganisms increased in the no-till variant, was corn, while winter wheat contributed to the increase in the number of microorganisms in the moldboard plowing variant. The use of mineral fertilizers provoked the growth of soil biological activity under sunflower sown directly in the soil, while conventional tillage resulted in higher soil biological activity without application of mineral fertilizers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>численность КОЕ</kwd><kwd>целлюлолитики</kwd><kwd>амилолитики</kwd><kwd>азотфиксаторы</kwd><kwd>денитрификаторы</kwd><kwd>бактерии</kwd><kwd>актиномицеты</kwd><kwd>микроскопические грибы</kwd><kwd>нулевая и традиционная обработка почвы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CFU abundance</kwd><kwd>cellulolytics</kwd><kwd>amylolytics</kwd><kwd>nitrogen fixators</kwd><kwd>denitrifiers</kwd><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>actinomycetes</kwd><kwd>microscopic fungi</kwd><kwd>zero and conventional tillage</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского Научного Фонда, проект № 19-16-00053</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляева О.Н. 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