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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2020-101-182-201</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-548</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика свойств целинного, пахотного и залежного чернозема типичного Курской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative characteristics of the properties of Halpic Chernozem of the Kursk Region of different land use</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамонтов</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamontov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Григорьевич Мамонтов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir G. Mamontov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mamontov1954@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>З. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemyeva</surname><given-names>Z. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинаида Семеновна Артемьева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinaida S. Artemyeva</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemyevazs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Иванович Лазарев</p><p>Зам. дир. по научной работе, д.с.-х.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Lazarev</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soillab@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Павловна Родионова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila P. Rodionova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soillab@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Александрович Крылов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim A. Krylov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kryloff.vadim2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметзянова</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahmetzyanova</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Риана Рустамовна Ахметзянова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Riana R. Ahmetzyanova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soillab@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНУ Курский научно-исследовательский институт агропромышленного производства (ГНУ Курский НИИ АПП)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>101</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мамонтов В.Г., Артемьева З.С., Лазарев В.И., Родионова Л.П., Крылов В.А., Ахметзянова Р.Р., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамонтов В.Г., Артемьева З.С., Лазарев В.И., Родионова Л.П., Крылов В.А., Ахметзянова Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamontov V.G., Artemyeva Z.S., Lazarev V.I., Rodionova L.P., Krylov V.A., Ahmetzyanova R.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/548">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/548</self-uri><abstract><p>Аналитические данные свидетельствуют о том, что длительное экстенсивное сельскохозяйственное использование чернозема типичного Курской области (Haplic Chernozem) вызывает неблагоприятные изменения некоторых его свойств. Это касается в первую очередь содержания гумуса и структурного состояния чернозема. Под влиянием бессменной озимой пшеницы (54 года) потери гумуса составили 24% от его содержания в целинной почве. Под влиянием бессменной кукурузы (54 года) потери гумуса достигли 32%, а под влиянием бессменного пара (54 года) – 48%. В результате минерализации гумуса, являющегося одним из основных агрегирующих агентов, ухудшилась водоустойчивость структуры чернозема. Количество водоустойчивых агрегатов в вариантах с бессменной озимой пшеницей и бессменной кукурузой уменьшилось по сравнению с целинным черноземом (на 30% и 39% соответственно). С точки зрения водоустойчивости структура чернозема трансформировалась в агроценозах с “избыточно высокой” в “хорошую”. Под влиянием бессменного пара содержание водоустойчивых агрегатов уменьшилось на 75%, а структура стала “неводоустойчивой”. При этом средний диаметр водоустойчивых агрегатов уменьшился в вариантах с бессменной озимой пшеницей, бессменной кукурузой и бессменным паром в 2.8, 3.6 и 4.8 раза соответственно, тогда как содержание водопептизируемого ила возросло в 2.8–4.7 раза, а рН среды увеличилась на 0.16–0.57. Наряду с этим в черноземе агроценозов уменьшилось содержание обменного кальция (более чем в 1.1 раза), снизилась гидролитическая кислотность (в 1.1–1.7 раза), уменьшилось содержание органических форм фосфора (в 1.1–1.4 раза), а отношение органических форм фосфора к минеральным снизилось в 2.1–4.1 раза. При переводе бессменного пара в залежь свойства чернозема изменяются с неодинаковой интенсивностью. Наиболее существенные изменения произошли с водоустойчивыми агрегатами. Их содержание за 20 лет возросло на 53%, а структура трансформировалась из “неводоустойчивой” в “хорошую” по водоустойчивости, при этом содержание водопептизируемого ила уменьшилось в 2.1 раза. За 20-летний период на 1.9 и 1.03 мг-экв/100 г почвы увеличилось содержание обменного кальция и гидролитической кислотности. Содержание гумуса возросло на 0.78%, т. е. восстановление содержания гумуса происходило со скоростью всего лишь 0.04% в год. Это необходимо учитывать при регулировании гумусового состояния выпаханных и эродированных почв. В целом воздействие бессменного пара на свойства чернозема оказалось столь глубоким, что за 20 лет после перевода его в залежь свойства чернозема в большинстве своем восстановились лишь до уровня, свойственного вариантам с возделыванием сельскохозяйственных культур.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"/><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чернозем типичный целинный</kwd><kwd>бессменная озимая пшеница</kwd><kwd>бессменная кукуруза</kwd><kwd>бессменный  пар</kwd><kwd>залежь</kwd><kwd>общий гумус</kwd><kwd>обменный кальций</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>typical steppe chernozem</kwd><kwd>permanent winter wheat</kwd><kwd>permanent corn</kwd><kwd>bare fallow</kwd><kwd>abandoned land</kwd><kwd>total humus</kwd><kwd>exchange calcium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аринушкина Е.В. Руководство по химическому анализу почв. 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