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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2020-102-49-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Субаквальные почвы Антарктиды: условия формирования и перспективы микробиологических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Subaqual soils of Antarctica: conditions of formation and perspectives of microbiological research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-6536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimnik90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhail.v.semenov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>102</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин Д.А., Семенов М.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин Д.А., Семенов М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin D.A., Semenov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/558">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/558</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования полярных регионов постоянно возрастает в связи с более активным откликом экосистем Арктики и Антарктики на глобальное потепление климата по сравнению с другими областями планеты. Повышение среднегодовой температуры приводит к таянию ледников, затоплению части территории и, соответственно, расширению ареалов субаквальных (подводных) осадков. В последние годы значительно увеличилось число исследований, в которых подводные грунты не только признаются в качестве объектов почвоведения, но и рассматриваются как полноценные составляющие почвенного покрова планеты. Стабильное существование почв и экосистем на территории Антарктиды возможно лишь в местных базисах эрозии – озерах, где биота, зачастую, представлена лишь микроорганизмами. Их жизнедеятельность приводит к преобразованию геологических пород in situ и формированию существенных запасов органического вещества. Поэтому микробиом, по-видимому, является определяющим фактором почвообразования именно в субаквальных антарктических биотопах, для которых характерно протекание элементарных процессов почвообразования в восстановительных условиях. Тем не менее для субаквальных почв Антарктиды до сих пор остаются неизвестны количественные параметры их микробиома (биомасса, численность клеток, количество рибосомальных генов прокариот и грибов, базальное дыхание), хотя данные показатели необходимы для оценки продуктивности экосистем, в том числе интенсивности цикла углерода и биологической активности почвы. В данном обзоре рассмотрено современное состояние исследований микробных сообществ антарктических биотопов, обсуждена роль микроорганизмов в почвообразовательных процессах субаквальных почв Антарктиды и объяснена необходимость микробиологических исследований данного типа почв.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"/><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Антарктида</kwd><kwd>экстремальные экосистемы</kwd><kwd>субаквальные почвы</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Antarctica</kwd><kwd>extreme ecosystems</kwd><kwd>subaerial and subaqual soils</kwd><kwd>microorganisms</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-04-00328.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абакумов Е.В., Лупачев А.В. 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