esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2020-105-57-90esoil-584Research ArticleСтатьиКартирование границ почвенных горизонтов методом георадиолокацииMapping the boundaries of soil horizons using ground-penetrating radarhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-9479РязанцевП. А.RyazantsevP. A.

старший научный сотрудник 

185910, Петрозаводск, ул. Пушкинская, 11, 

186910, Petrozavodsk, Pushkinskaya str., 11

chthonian@yandex.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр "Карельский научный центр Российской академии наук"РоссияDepartment of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research KarRC RASRussian Federation20202512202001055790Copyright © Рязанцев П.А., 20212021Рязанцев П.А.Ryazantsev P.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/584

В статье рассмотрена роль георадиолокации в решении задач почвоведения, а также на примере полевых данных оценена точность прослеживания почвенных горизонтов. Исследование текущего состояния вопроса показало, что существует значительная вариативность электрофизических свойств разных типов почв. При этом диэлектрическая проницаемость почвенных горизонтов может как увеличиваться, так и уменьшаться с глубиной. Этим фактом обусловлена необходимость параметризации почвенного профиля при георадарных исследованиях для предотвращения ошибок. На основе обобщающего анализа практических примеров установлено, что погрешность определения отдельных почвенных горизонтов георадаром составляет в среднем 2–10 см в зависимости от частоты используемой антенны и особенностей строения почвенного профиля. Для обоснования сделанных выводов проведены опытно-методические работы по прослеживанию почвенных горизонтов методом георадиолокации на примере типовых подбуров, расположенных на Заонежском полуострове (Республика Карелия), строение и состав которых были детально описаны предшествующими исследователями. Съемка выполнена георадаром ОКО-2 (Логис-Геотех, Россия) с антенным блоком с центральной частотой 400 МГц. Работы на участке велись по отдельным трансектам, с привязкой к опорному почвенному разрезу. Детальный анализ радарограмм в первую очередь обеспечил прослеживание подошвы горизонта BC. Полученные результаты показали, что мощность почвы в пределах профиля варьирует от 23 до 32 см, а средняя ошибка наблюдений составила ± 3 см. Кроме того, выявлено влияние на запись обломков шунгитовых сланцев и дифференциация влажности в толще почвенных горизонтов. Присутствие шунгитовых сланцев приводит к формированию дифрагированных волн и увеличению амплитуд отраженного сигнала, тогда как увеличение влажности характеризуется уменьшением скоростей электромагнитной волны.

The article considers the role of GPR in solving problems of soil science, as well as the accuracy of tracking soil horizons using the example of field data. The study of the current state of the issue has shown that there is significant variability in the electrophysical properties of different types of soil. In this case, the dielectric constant of the soil horizons can both increase and decrease with depth. This fact determines the need for parameterization of the soil profile in GPR studies to prevent errors. Based on a generalizing analysis of practical examples, it has been established that the error in determining individual soil horizons by a GPR is on average 2–10 cm, depending on the frequency of the GPR antenna and the structural features of the soil. Experimental and methodological work to substantiate the main conclusions was carried out to trace the soil horizons by the GPR method using the example of typical entic podzol located on the Zaonezhsky Peninsula (Republic of Karelia), the structure and composition of which were described in detail earlier. The survey was carried out by a georadar OKO-2 (Logis-Geotech, Russia) with an antenna unit with a central frequency of 400 MHz. Fieldwork on the study site was carried out along separate transects, according to the reference soil profile. A detailed analysis of the radargrams provided, first of all, tracking the base of the BC horizon. The results obtained showed that the thickness of the soil within the profile varies from 23 to 32 cm, and the average observation error was ± 3 cm. Besides, the influence on the recording of shungite shale fragments and the differentiation of moisture content in the soil horizons was revealed. The presence of shungite shale leads to the formation of diffracted waves and an increase in the amplitudes of the reflected signal, while an increase in humidity is characterized by a decrease in the velocities of the electromagnetic wave.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.