esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2021-108-175-218esoil-671Research ArticleРедакторская колонкаEditorialМетодологические подходы формирования единой Национальной системы мониторинга и учета баланса углерода и выбросов парниковых газов на землях сельскохозяйственного фонда Российской ФедерацииMethodological approaches to the formation of a unified national system of monitoring and accounting of carbon balance and greenhouse gas emissions on lands of the agricultural fund of the Russian FederationИвановА. Л.IvanovA. L.ivanov_al@esoil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5441СавинИ. Ю.SavinI. Yu.savin_iyu@esoil.ruСтолбовойВ. С.StolbovoyV. S.vladimir.stolbovoy@gmail.comДуханинЮ. А.DukhaninYu. A.secretary@esoil.ruКозловД. Н.KozlovD. N.kozlov_dn@esoil.ruФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian FederationФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”; Российский университет дружбы народовРоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute; Institute of Environmental Engineering of RUDN UniversityRussian Federation2021250920210108175218Copyright © Иванов А.Л., Савин И.Ю., Столбовой В.С., Духанин Ю.А., Козлов Д.Н., 20212021Иванов А.Л., Савин И.Ю., Столбовой В.С., Духанин Ю.А., Козлов Д.Н.Ivanov A.L., Savin I.Y., Stolbovoy V.S., Dukhanin Y.A., Kozlov D.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/671

Рассматриваются методологические подходы формирования единой Национальной системы мониторинга и учета баланса углерода и выбросов парниковых газов, а также предназначение, типизация, требования к пространственному размещению “карбоновых” полигонов, оценка поглощающей способности углерода лесами и сельскохозяйственными экосистемами Российской Федерации, стандартная методика, рекомендованная международным сообществом для оценки запасов углерода в почвах, которая должна применяться в РФ для обеспечения сопоставимости результатов учета парниковых газов между странами, определение поглощающей способности углерода природными экосистемами и почвами. Показан потенциал поглощения углерода сельскохозяйственными почвами. Приведен перечень показателей оценки почвенного углерода по методике Межправительственной группы экспертов по изменению климата (IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) (уровни 2 и 3). С учетом проведенного анализа результатов международной практики, а также на основе теоретического и прикладного опыта отечественной науки разработаны первоочередные меры, направленные на создание и реализацию национальной стратегии использования наземных экосистем в целях регулирования парниковых газов для смягчения изменений климата. 

Methodological approaches to the formation of a unified national system for monitoring and accounting the balance of carbon and greenhouse gas emissions are considered. The purpose, typification, requirements for the spatial placement of “carbon” polygons, assessment of the carbon absorption capacity of forests and agricultural ecosystems in the Russian Federation, the standard methodology recommended by the international community for assessing carbon stocks in soils, which should be applied in the Russian Federation to ensure comparability of the results of greenhouse gas accounting between countries, determination of the carbon absorption capacity of natural ecosystems and soils are discussed. The potential of carbon uptake by agricultural soils is shown. The list of indicators for assessing soil carbon according to the IPCC methodology for Tiers 2 and 3 is given. Taking into account the analysis of international practice, as well as on the basis of theoretical and applied experience of national science, the priority measures have been developed, they are aimed at working out and implementation of the national strategy for the use of terrestrial ecosystems in order to regulate greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.