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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2021-109-36-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аэрозольная пыль почвенного происхождения в атмосфере: источники, количество, свойства (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soil dust aerosol in the atmosphere: sources, quantities, properties (overview)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романовская</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanovskaya</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8/2 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">burmistrovaann13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savin_iyu@esoil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Environmental Engineering of RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”; Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>109</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романовская А.Ю., Савин И.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романовская А.Ю., Савин И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanovskaya A.Y., Savin I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/680">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/680</self-uri><abstract><p>Пыль является одним из основных компонентов атмосферных аэрозолей – 75% глобальной аэрозольной нагрузки. Перечислены естественные и антропогенные источники, а также методы исследования пыли. По разным оценкам средняя запыленность атмосферы варьирует от 20 до 33 Тг, а ежегодный выброс пыли – 1 200–5 900 Тг/год. В докладах Межправительственной группы экспертов по изменению климата (IPCC) сообщается о диапазоне общего прямого радиационного эффекта пыли от -0.56 до +0.1 Вт/м2, при этом научное понимание процессов, приводящих к такому результату, недостаточное. По степени дисперсности выделяют мелкую (&lt;5 мкм), среднюю (5–10(20) мкм) и крупную (&gt;20 мкм) пыль. Мелкая пыль охлаждает глобальный климат, рассеивая солнечное излучение, в то время как пыль размером более 5 мкм способствует его потеплению за счет поглощения солнечного и теплового излучения. При этом вопрос содержания крупной пыли (более 20 мкм) остается слабоизученным, и данных о ее содержании и эмиссии крайне мало. Последние исследования свидетельствуют о том, что неучтенная в моделях крупная пыль (17 Тг) способствует нагреву атмосферы в среднем еще на 0.15 Вт/м2 (от 0.10 до 0.24 Вт/м2), а также оказывает влияние на глобальное распределение облаков и осадков. Кроме того, почвенная пыль характеризуется сложной и разнообразной формой и структурой частиц, неоднородным минералогическим и химическим составом. Благодаря своей дисперсности и большой площади поверхности пыль вступает в реакции с другими видами аэрозолей, что приводит к образованию различных пленок на поверхности частиц или к внутреннему смешению. Все это существенно изменяет оптические свойства минеральной пыли и осложняет разработку моделей при ее исследовании.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dust is a major component of atmospheric aerosols – 75% of the global aerosol load. Natural and anthropogenic sources are listed, as well as dust research methods. According to different estimates, the average mineral dust load in the atmosphere ranges from 20 to 33 Tg, and the annual dust emission is 1 200–5 900 Tg/year. Reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) inform about the total direct radiative forcing of dust ranging from -0.56 to +0.1 W/m2, with little scientific understanding of the processes leading to this result. The particle size, including soil aerosol, is divided into fine (&lt;5 μm), medium (5–10(20) μm) and coarse (&gt;20 μm) dust. Fine dust cools the global climate due to dispersion of solar radiation, while coarse dust (greater than 5 μm) warms the climate by absorbing solar and thermal radiation. However, the coarse dust (above 20 μm) remains poorly investigated, with very little data on its content and emission. Recent studies suggest that coarse dust (17 Tg), missed by the global models, contributes on average 0.15 W/m2 (0.10 to 0.24 W/m2) to atmospheric heating and also affects the global distribution of clouds and precipitation. In addition, soil dust is characterised by a complex and diverse particle shape and structure, heterogeneous mineralogical and chemical composition; due to its dispersion ability and large surface area dust reacts with other types of aerosols, resulting in the formation of different films on the particle surface or internal mixing. All this significantly changes the optical properties of mineral dust and complicates the development of models for its investigation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почвенная пыль</kwd><kwd>форма и размер пылеватых частиц</kwd><kwd>минералогический состав пыли</kwd><kwd>химический состав пыли</kwd><kwd>лидарное сканирование минеральной пыли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mineral soil dust</kwd><kwd>shape and size of dust particles</kwd><kwd>mineralogical composition of dust</kwd><kwd>chemical composition of dust</kwd><kwd>lidar scanning of mineral dust</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-05-50063\20 на тему “Изучение эолового переноса микрочастиц с пахотных почв на основе спутниковых данных”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The studies were carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) in the framework of the scientific project No. 19-05-50063\20 “Studies on aeolian transport of microparticles from arable soils based on satellite data”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдуллаев С.Ф. 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