esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-134-159esoil-686Research ArticleСтатьиКоличественная оценка растительных остатков в прямом посеве по данным дистанционного зондирования и полевого обследования почвенного покроваQuantitative assessment of crop residues in no-till technology according to remote sensing data and field soil cover surveyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4317-9277ЕрмолаевН. Р.ErmolaevN. R.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

n.r.ermolaev94@gmail.comЮдинС. А.YudinS. A.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

БелобровВ. П.BelobrovV. P.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

ДридигерВ. К.DredigerV. K.

356241, Ставропольский край, Шпаковский р-н, г. Михайловск, ул. Никонова, д. 49

49 Nikonova Str., Mikhaylovsk 356241, Shpakovsky District Stavropol Territory

dridiger.victor@gmail.comГаджиумаровР. Г.GadzhiumarovR. G.

356241, Ставропольский край, Шпаковский р-н, г. Михайловск, ул. Никонова, д. 49

49 Nikonova Str., Mikhaylovsk 356241, Shpakovsky District Stavropol Territory

ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian FederationФГБНУ “Северокавказский ФНАЦ”РоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Agrarian CentreRussian Federation2022251120220112134159Copyright © Ермолаев Н.Р., Юдин С.А., Белобров В.П., Дридигер В.К., Гаджиумаров Р.Г., 20222022Ермолаев Н.Р., Юдин С.А., Белобров В.П., Дридигер В.К., Гаджиумаров Р.Г.Ermolaev N.R., Yudin S.A., Belobrov V.P., Drediger V.K., Gadzhiumarov R.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/686

Ключевой особенностью технологии прямого посева (no-till) является сохранение на поверхности почвы растительных остатков. Их количественная оценка является важной задачей при внедрении технологии в производство. На основании полевых исследований и данных дистанционного зондирования земли (ДЗЗ) рассмотрены разные подходы к этой оценке. Исследования проводились в Буденновском районе Ставропольского края на полях хозяйств, использующих как традиционную технологию (ТТ), так и технологию прямого посева (ПП). В качестве данных ДЗЗ использовались снимки системы Sentinel-2, на основании которых были рассчитаны спектральные индексы NDTI и NDVI. Для оценки проективного покрытия растительными остатками использовалось три метода: 1) весовой учет растительных остатков на единице площади; 2) полевое определение проективного по крытия методом линейных трансект; 3) камеральный анализ фотографий поверхности почвы. По полученным результатам строились модели линейной зависимости значений NDTI от проективного покрытия растительными остатками поверхности почв. Также проанализирована возможность количественного учета растительных остатков только на основании данных ДЗЗ. Наиболее высокий коэффициент детерминации (R2 = 0.97) при наименьшем квадратном корне среднеквадратической ошибки (RMSE = 7.93) был получен при моделировании на основе анализа фотографий поверхности почвы, покрытой растительными остатками. На основании модели зависимости значений NDTI от проективного покрытия растительными остатками, полученными в результате анализа фотографий по спутниковым данным Sentinel-2 за вегетационный сезон 2020–2021, получены данные о динамике значений покрытия почвы растительными остатками (CRC) в масштабе отдельно взятого поля и разных технологий обработки. В качестве апробации подхода и оценки его использования для решения производственных задач анализировалась динамика проективного покрытия растительными остатками при разных культурах и разных условиях рельефа. Анализ динамики значений CRC позволил выделять различные этапы возделывания культур при ТТ и ПП, а также в масштабе отдельного поля выявил неоднородность проективного покрытия почв растительными остатками, связанную с особенностями мезорельефа.

The key feature of the no-till technology is the preservation of crop residues on the soil surface. Crop residues quantitative assessment is an important task when introducing technology into production. On the basis of field and remote sensing data, different approaches to this assessment are considered. The research was carried out in the Budennovsky district of the Stavropol Territory in the fields of farms using both traditional technology (TT) and no-till (ПП). Images of the Sentinel-2 system were used as remote sensing data, on the basis of which the spectral indices NDTI and NDVI were calculated. Three methods were used to estimate the projective cover by plant residues: 1) weight accounting of plant residues per unit area; 2) field determination of the projective cover by the method of line transects; 3) desk analysis of photographs of the soil surface. Based on the obtained results, models of the linear dependence of NDTI values on the projective cover of the soil surface with plant residues were constructed. The possibility of quantitative accounting of plant residues only on the basis of remote sensing data was also analyzed. The highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.97) with the smallest square root of the standard error (RMSE = 7.93) was obtained by modeling based on the analysis of photographs of the soil surface covered with plant residues. Based on the model of the dependence of NDTI values on the projective cover of plant residues obtained as a result of the analysis of photographs based on Sentinel -2 satellite data for the growing season 2020–2021, data were obtained on the dynamics of soil coverage with plant residues (CRC) on the scale of a single field an d different tillage technologies. As an approbation of the approach and an assessment of its use for solving production problems, the dynamics of the projective cover with plant residues was analyzed under different crops and different relief conditions. An analysis of the dynamics of CRC values made it possible to distinguish between different stages of crop cultivation under traditional technology (TT) and no-till (ПП), and also on the scale of an individual field revealed the heterogeneity of the projective soil cover with plant residues associated with the features of the mesorelief.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.