esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2023-116-155-187esoil-747Research ArticleСтатьиВинодельческий терруар – ориентир при выборе сортов подвоев винограда для почв с разными характеристикамиWinemaking terroir – the guideline for choosing of grape rootstocks for soils with different characteristicshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-5769АверьяновА. А.AverianovА. А.

Кафедра почвоведения и экологии почв Института науко Земле Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, аспирант III г.о.

ООО "Терруар Концепт СПбГУ", генеральный директор

Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, third-year postgraduate student

Terroir Concept SPBU LLC, CEO

averianov@terroirconcept.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-0628АндросоваЕ. Д.AndrosovaE. D.

Кафедра почвоведения и экологии почв Института наук о ЗемлеСанкт-Петербургского государственного университета, студентка (бакалавриат)

Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, student (bachelor's degree)

jane.androsova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1351-9050РусаковА. В.RusakovA. V.

Доктор географических наук, заведующий кафедрой почвоведенияи экологии почв Института наук о Земле Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, профессор

Doctor of Geography, Head of the Department of Soil Science and Ecology of Soils, Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Professor

spp-06@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет; ООО "Терруар Концепт СПбГУ"РоссияSaint-Petersburg State University; Terroir Concept SPBU LLCRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSaint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation2023250920230116155187Copyright © Аверьянов А.А., Андросова Е.Д., Русаков А.В., 20232023Аверьянов А.А., Андросова Е.Д., Русаков А.В.Averianov А.А., Androsova E.D., Rusakov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/747

Выбор сортов подвоев является одной из первых и наиболее важных стадий при закладке виноградных насаждений в условиях привитой культуры, от которой зависит продуктивность подвойно-привойных комбинаций и дальнейшая цепочка проектных решений: пространственное размещение рядов на земельном участке, сопутствующие производственному процессу агротехнические и агрохимические приемы. Принимая во внимание высокую значимость факторов терруара для виноградарства и виноделия, нами была осознана необходимость его детального учета на этой проектной стадии. Целью работы являлось создание алгоритма подбора сортов подвоев, опирающегося на локальные факторы терруара земельного участка и его дальнейшее применение в проектировании виноградных насаждений. На основании анализа литературных источников и агрономического опыта специалистов виноградарства и виноделия нами были определены ключевые стрессовые факторы, которые в целом необходимо учитывать при выборе сортов подвоев. По результатам комплексного исследования терруара и аналитической диагностики почвенных проб, отобранных на земельном участке, располагающемся в Бахчисарайском районе Республики Крым, были уточнены и приоритизированы локальные стрессовые факторы, представляющие риски непосредственно на участке апробации ландшафтно-адаптированного подхода к выбору подвоев: карбонатное состояние, риск заражения филлоксерой, высокое содержание тонкодисперсных фракций в гранулометрическом составе, кратковременные засухи, риск локального переувлажнения, дефицит фосфора. Всего для каждого выделенного почвенного ареала было рассмотрено 20 наиболее распространенных в коммерческом отношении сортов подвоев. В результате применения сценария сокращения выборки, основанного на приоритизации вышеупомянутых стрессовых факторов, количество рассматриваемых сортов подвоев было сокращено до трех вариантов: 1103 Paulsen, 140 Ruggeri и Fercal, – которые были оценены в баллах между собой и относительно локальных условий терруара земельного участка для дальнейшего сопоставления их с рыночными и логистическими аспектами при принятии окончательного проектного решения.

The selection of rootstocks is one of the first and most important stages in the establishment of grape plantations under grafted conditions, which determines the productivity of rootstock-scion combinations and the further chain of design solutions: spatial placement of rows on the land plot, accompanying the production process of agronomic and agrochemical methods. Given the high importance of terroir factors for viticulture and winemaking, we were aware of the need to consider them in detail at this design stage. The aim was to create an algorithm for selecting varieties based on local terroir factors and apply it to the design of vineyards. Based on the analysis of literary sources and the agronomic experience of viticulture and winemaking specialists, we have identified key stress factors that in general, should be taken into account when selecting varieties of rootstocks. Based on the results of a comprehensive study of terroir and analytical diagnostics of soil samples taken on a land plot located in the Bakhchisaray district of the Republic of Crimea, local stress factors representing risks were clarified and prioritized neo-medially at the site of testing the landscape-adapted approach to the selection of rootstocks: carbonate condition, risk of phylloxera infestation, high content of fine fractions in granulometric composition, short-term droughts, risk of local overwatering, phosphorus deficiency. In total 20 the most common commercial varieties of rootstocks were considered for each selected soil area. The sample reduction scenario, based on the prioritization of the above stressors, reduced the number of varieties considered to three variants: 1103 Paulsen, 140 Ruggeri, and Fercal, which were scored against each other and considering the local terroir conditions of the plot, for further comparison in terms of market and logistics in making the final design decision.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.