esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-52-100esoil-768Research ArticleСтатьиОрганическое вещество и минеральная матрица почв: современные подходы, определения терминов и методы изучения (обзор)Organic matter and mineral matrix of soils: modern approaches, definitions of terms and methods of study (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-7897ХолодовВ. А.KholodovV. A.

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

vkholod@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-0828РоговаО. Б.RogovaO. B.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

olga.rogova64@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-9922ЛебедеваМ. П.LebedevaM. P.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

m_verba@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-9186ВарламовЕ. Б.VarlamovE. B.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

evgheni968@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1976-0689ВолковД. С.VolkovD. S.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

dmsvolkov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-5941ЗиганшинаА. Р.ZiganshinaA. R.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

mpum6009@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-4285ЯрославцеваН. В.YaroslavtsevaN. V.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

nadezhdayros@gmail.comФИЦ "Почвенный институт имени В.В. Докучаева"РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian Federation202315122023011752100Copyright © Холодов В.А., Рогова О.Б., Лебедева М.П., Варламов Е.Б., Волков Д.С., Зиганшина А.Р., Ярославцева Н.В., 20232023Холодов В.А., Рогова О.Б., Лебедева М.П., Варламов Е.Б., Волков Д.С., Зиганшина А.Р., Ярославцева Н.В.Kholodov V.A., Rogova O.B., Lebedeva M.P., Varlamov E.B., Volkov D.S., Ziganshina A.R., Yaroslavtseva N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/768

В связи со сложностью и гетерогенностью органического вещества почв для его изучения используют весьма широкий спектр методов и подходов. Это порождает избыточное количество терминов, определений и индексов, что затрудняет понимание и интерпретацию данных разных авторов. В работе приводится обзор наиболее актуальных в настоящее время методов и подходов для изучения органического вещества почв и ее минеральной матрицы. В обзоре рассмотрены современные подходы к изучению почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ), его пулов и фракций, концепция насыщенности почвы углеродом. Описаны основные подходы по оценке содержания, структуры и строения пулов органического вещества. Рассмотрены приемы по оценке содержания, структуры и строения пулов ПОВ: биологическое, денсиметрическое, гранулометрическое, химическое и термическое фракционирования. Особое внимание уделено термическим методам анализа как перспективному направлению для изучения негидролизуемой части органического вещества. Подчеркивается, что при изучении пулов ПОВ, которые теоретически выделяют по поведению во времени (обычно по устойчивости), об их количестве, составе и физическим свойствам судят по фракциям, которые являются инструментально определяемыми свойствами почв. Показаны подходы для изучения минеральной матрицы почв и органического вещества с точки зрения современной почвенной минералогии и микроморфологии. Оценено влияние минералогического состава на гранлометрический и химический состав почвы, физико-химическую поглотительную способность и органо-минеральные взаимодействия. При описании органо-минеральных компонентов отдельно рассмотрены термины и понятия о частицах и структуре глинистых минералов – филлосиликатов.  

Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of soil organic matter, a very wide range of methods and approaches is used to study it. This generates an excessive number of terms, definitions and indices, which makes it difficult to understand and interpret the data of different authors. The paper provides an overview of the currently most relevant methods and approaches for studying soil organic matter (SOM) and its mineral matrix. The review considers the concept of soil organic matter, its pools and fractions, the concept of soil carbon saturation. The main approaches to assessing the content, structure, and structure of pools of organic matter are described. The methods of estimation of content, structure and composition of theoretical pools of SOM are considered: biological, densimetric, granulometric, chemical and thermal fractionation. A special attention is paid to thermal methods of analysis as a promising direction for studying the non-hydrolyzable part of organic matter. It is emphasized that in the study of SOM pools, which are theoretically distinguished by behavior in time (usually by stability), about their quantity, composition and physical properties are judged by fractions, which are instrumentally determined properties of soils. Approaches are shown for studying the mineral matrix of soils and organic matter from the point of view of modern soil mineralogy and micromorphology. The influence of soil mineral composition on granulometric and chemical composition of the soils, physico-chemical absorption capacity and organo-mineral interactions is evaluated. In the description of organo-mineral components, terms and concepts of particles and structure of clay minerals – phyllosilicates – are especially considered.  

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.