esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2024-119-242-260esoil-792Research ArticleСтатьиВыявление техносолей, сформировавшихся из промышленной пыли в районе города Йезд (Центральный Иран), с помощью наземной радиометрииIdentification of Technosols formed from industrial dust in the area of Yazd city (Central Iran) by ground-based radiometryAkhavan GhalibafM.Akhavan GhalibafM.

Associate professor in the field of soil science at Yazd university, Iran

makhavanghalibaf@gmail.comMasoodiS.MasoodiS.

PhD student in Yazd university

saeidmasoudi@gmail.comShirazi-ChalashtaryM.Shirazi-ChalashtaryM.

PhD in desert management

mtr_shirazi@yahoo.comDelavarkhalafiA.DelavarkhalafiA.

Associate professor in mathematical science at Yazd university

delavarkh@yazd.ac.irYazd universityИранYazd universityIslamic Republic of Iran2024250620240119242260Copyright © Akhavan Ghalibaf M., Masoodi S., Shirazi-Chalashtary M., Delavarkhalafi A., 20242024Akhavan Ghalibaf M., Masoodi S., Shirazi-Chalashtary M., Delavarkhalafi A.Akhavan Ghalibaf M., Masoodi S., Shirazi-Chalashtary M., Delavarkhalafi A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/792

Интенсивное развитие промышленности в виде металлургических предприятий и карьеров по добыче полезных ископаемых в окрестностях города Йезд привело к значительной запыленности приземной атмосферы и накоплению промышленной пыли на поверхности почв. В местах расположения предприятий по производству легированной стали, в составе пыли преобладали твердые частицы размером менее 1 мкм (PM1), в то время как около песчаных карьеров – частицы пыли размером менее 10 мкм (PM10). Пыль от этих источников отличается также и по химическому составу (соотношению содержания железа и кремния, pH). Регистрация пиранометром с темно-зеленым фильтром с пропусканием на длине волны 550 нанометров с временным интервалом в 20 секунд на скорости 30 км/час во время движения по заданным маршрутам позволила выделить зоны с устойчивым повышенным содержанием в приземной атмосфере частиц разного размера. Выборочные разрезы почв в этих зонах подтвердили наличие на их поверхности слоев пылевых отложений мощностью более 5 см, что позволяет их отнести, согласно классификации WRB, к техносолям (Technosol). Построена почвенная карта района исследований в масштабе 1 : 25 000 с отражением участия в почвенном покрове техносолей. В соответствии с картой, более трех четвертей исследуемой территории составляют почвенные комплексы, включающие техносоли. Засушливые климатические условия региона приводят к накоплению пылевых выбросов на поверхности почв, которые практически не трансформируются и не удаляются из почвы, что приводит к их деградации и ухудшению экологической обстановки. Накопление пыли на поверхности почв влияет на состояние растительного покрова региона, что служит основанием для косвенной спутниковой индикации зон запыления. Метод выявления слоя пыли на поверхности почв по оценке запыленности приземной атмосферы с использованием пиранометра может служить хорошим дополнением к дистанционным методам.

Intensive industrial development in the form of metallurgical plants and quarries for mining of mineral resources in the vicinity of the city of Yazd resulted in significant dustiness of the ground layer of atmosphere and accumulation of industrial dust on the soil surface. At the locations of alloy steel production facilities, dust composition was dominated by particulate matter less than 1 μm (PM1), while near sand quarries, dust particles less than 10 μm (PM10) were predominant. The dust from these sources also differs in chemical composition (iron/silicon content ratio, pH). Registration with a pyranometer with a dark green filter with transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nanometers with a time interval of 20 seconds at a speed of 30 km/h during the movement along the specified routes allowed authors to identify zones with a stable increased content of particles of different sizes in the near-surface atmosphere. Sampling soil pits in these zones confirmed the presence on their surface of layers of dust deposits with a thickness of more than 5 cm, which allows them to be attributed to Technosols in accordance with the WRB soil classification. The soil map of the research area was compiled at a scale of 1 : 25 000 with the reflection of Technosols participation in the soil patterns. According to the map, more than three quarters of the study area are soil complexes including Technosols. Arid climatic conditions of the region lead to the accumulation of dust on the soil surface, which are practically not transformed and not removed from the soil, which results in their degradation and deterioration of the environmental conditions. Dust accumulation on the soil surface affects the state of vegetation cover of the region, which serves as a basis for indirect satellite indication of dusting zones. The method of revealing the dust layer on the soil surface based on the assessment of dustiness of the near-surface atmosphere using pyranometer can serve as a good complement to remote sensing methods.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.