esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2024-119-211-241esoil-803Research ArticleСтатьиВынос углерода из торфяных почв севера Западной Сибири в разных гидрологических условияхCarbon leaching from peat soils of the north of Western Siberia under different hydrological conditionsТимофееваМ. В.TimofeevaM. V.

Закончила магистратуру кафедры общего почвоведения (факультет почвоведения МГУ) в 2019.

Область интересов: функционирование криогенных почв, торфяные почвы, методические особенности определения параметров биологической активности почв 

mtimofeeva02@gmail.comГончароваО. Ю.GoncharovaO. Yu.goncholgaj@gmail.comМатышакГ. В.MatyshakG. V.matyshak@gmail.comБочковаС. Д.BochkovaS. D.soffboch@gmail.comКадулинМ. С.KadulinM. S.tubmaxxl@mail.ruФГБНУ ФИЦ "Почвенный институт имени В.В.Докучаева"РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute” Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет почвоведенияРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation2024250620240119211241Copyright © Тимофеева М.В., Гончарова О.Ю., Матышак Г.В., Бочкова С.Д., Кадулин М.С., 20242024Тимофеева М.В., Гончарова О.Ю., Матышак Г.В., Бочкова С.Д., Кадулин М.С.Timofeeva M.V., Goncharova O.Y., Matyshak G.V., Bochkova S.D., Kadulin M.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/803

Мерзлые торфяные почвы севера Западной Сибири уязвимы к наблюдаемым в настоящее время изменениям климата. Повышение температуры, оказывающее влияние на протаивание многолетнемерзлых пород (ММП), способствует возвращению законсервированных запасов углерода в глобальный цикл элементов. Его экспорт в виде растворенного органического вещества с торфяников определяется рядом факторов, среди которых гидрологические условия наименее изучены. В лабораторных условиях исследовано влияние гидрологических режимов на вынос углерода из торфяных олиготрофных почв экосистем криолитозоны. Модельный колоночный опыт позволил оценить выход углерода из ненарушенных (монолитных) торфяных образцов разной степени разложения. Использовано три типа мезокосмов: ненарушенные образцы горизонта ТО с торфяным материалом разной степени разложения, а также горизонт ТО с подстилающим грунтом разного гранулометрического состава (песок и суглинок). Для слаборазложившегося торфа содержание водорастворимого углерода в полученных лизиметрических водах при имитации режимов “осадки” и “снеготаяние” не отличается, а в режиме “застой” меньше в 1.4 раза. Для среднеразложившегося торфа в рамках одного типа мезокосмов отличий при разных гидрологических режимах не выявлено. Суммарный вынос органического углерода за три последовательные экстракции из слаборазложившегося торфа на 32% выше, чем из среднеразложившегося. Выявлено увеличение содержания углерода в песчаном грунте после трех циклов эксперимента, суглинистый грунт не показал достоверных различий в содержании углерода до и после эксперимента. Сорбция углерода минеральными грунтами исследуемой территории может выступать в качестве защитного механизма, препятствующего повышенному стоку из почвенной толщи.

Frozen peat soils in the north of Western Siberia are vulnerable to the on-going climate changes. The increase in temperature which affects the permafrost thaw returns the huge carbon stocks to the global element cycle. Its export in the form of dissolved organic matter from peatlands is determined by a number of factors, among which hydrological conditions are the least studied. The influence of hydrological regimes on carbon export from oligotrophic peat soils in discontinuous permafrost zone was investigated in laboratory conditions. The model column experiment allowed estimating the carbon yield from undisturbed (monolithic) peat samples of different degrees of decomposition. Three types of mesocosms were considered: undisturbed samples of the TO horizon, as well as the TO horizon with underlying material of different texture (sand and loam). The concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the lysimetric waters of a fibric peat does not differ for the “precipitation” and “snowmelt” simulating modes, and in the “stagnation” mode it is 1.4 times less. Sapric peat lysimetric waters show no differences under simulating hydrological regimes. The total export of organic carbon for three successive extractions for fibric peat is 32% higher than for sapric peat. An increase in carbon in the sandy material after three cycles of the experiment was revealed, the loamy material did not show significant differences. The carbon adsorption by mineral soil layers of the study area can be a protective mechanism that prevents increased runoff from the soils.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.