esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-122-62-88esoil-805Research ArticleСтатьиМоделирование временных рядов проседания почвы на территории с комплексом Aridisols и Vertisols с помощью геодезической и БПЛА-съемки в Центральном ИранеSoil surface subsidence time series modeling of an area with Aridisols and Vertisols complex using surveying and drone imagery in Central IranAminP.AminP.

Desert Control and Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert studies

Yazd

Desert Control and Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert studies

Yazd

peymanamin50@yahoo.comAkhavan GhalibafM.Akhavan GhalibafM.

Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert studies

Yazd

Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert studies

Yazd

makhavanghalibaf@gmail.comHosseiniM.HosseiniM.

Geodesy, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering

Yazd

Geodesy, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering

Yazd

mhos251@gmail.comYazd UniversityИранYazd UniversityIslamic Republic of Iran20252603202501226288Copyright © Amin P., Akhavan Ghalibaf M., Hosseini M., 20252025Amin P., Akhavan Ghalibaf M., Hosseini M.Amin P., Akhavan Ghalibaf M., Hosseini M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/805

Проседание поверхности почвы является природной опасностью, о которой сообщалось в засушливых и полузасушливых районах мира. В последние несколько десятилетий проседание поверхности почвы стало ощутимым для большинства равнин в Иране. Основной причиной этого явления служит извлечение грунтовых вод с помощью насосных скважин. Район исследования расположен на равнине (подстилаемой глинами) с комплексом Aridisols и Vertisols на востоке города Йезд в центральном Иране, где отмечены трещины продольной и многоугольной формы. Данный эксперимент проведен с целью выявления динамики микрорельефа во временнóм ряду, а именно, после дождей и периодов засухи, сопровождающихся проседанием поверхности почвы и ее растрескиванием. Для моделирования вертикальной динамики почвы и процессов растрескивания был выбран участок со 100 точками для съемки, использовалась модель Бокса-Дженкинса. Топографические измерения по данным геодезической съемки показали колебания высоты поверхности почвы от нескольких миллиметров до нескольких сантиметров (от -14 до +14 мм в год) с синусоидальными ритмами. Авторегрессионная модель (AR) позволила предсказать колебания высоты почвы на срок до 5 лет с высокой точностью (3 мм). Данные полевых исследований и беспилотной съемки подтвердили модель временнóго прогноза. На исследуемой территории проседание почвы произошло в результате деградации минералов в аморфный силикат после выщелачивания почвы. При этом ежемесячные изменения увлажнения и высыхания поверхности почвы были основными факторами для изменения уровня поверхности, в то время как глубоко залегающие грунтовые воды влияния не оказали. Для мониторинга проседания поверхности почвы и трещин в почве с течением времени рекомендуется использовать изображения БПЛА-съемки в сочетании с результатами полевых исследований, что является наиболее подходящим способом прогнозирования проседания поверхности почвы с течением времени на локальном уровне.

Soil surface subsidence is a natural hazard that has been reported in arid and semi-arid lands of the world. From the last few decades to the present, soil surface subsidence has been a major phenomenon of most plains in Iran. The core reason of this phenomena is water extraction from ground water by pumping wells. The study area located on the clayey plain covered by the complex of Aridisols and Vertisols in the east of Yazd city in central Iran with cracks of longitudinal and polygonal shapes. This experiment had been planned to find micro-relief dynamics in a time series after rainfall and drought periods followed by soil surface subsidence and soil cracking. For modeling of soil vertical dynamics and cracking processes, a sampling area was selected with 100 points for surveying with Box Jenkins model. The topography measurements of surveying data showed soil surface height variations from a few millimeters to some centimeters (-14 to +14 mm in a year) with sinusoidal rhythms. Auto Regressive (AR) model could predict the land height variations up to 5 years ahead with high accuracy (3 mm). Based on field surveying, drone imagery data confirmed the temporal forecasting model. In the study area land depressing resulted from minerals degradation into amorphous silicas after soil alkalization. Thereupon the monthly changes of soil surface wetting and drying were major factors for land altitude dynamics, whereas the very deep level of groundwater had no effect on soil surface subsidence. It is suggested that for monitoring of soil surface subsidence and soil cracks over time, the surveying with complementary and drone imagery could be much more appropriate method, which allows predicting temporal soil surface subsidence in local scale.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.