esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2024-SPYC-164-192esoil-848Research ArticleСпецвыпуск по результатам молодежной конференцииSpecial Issue "Selected papers from Young Scientists Conference 2022"Влияние наночастиц Fe3O4 на урожайность картофеля и развитие почвенной микрофлорыInfluence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on potato yield and development of soil microflorahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-5000ЛюбимоваН. А.LyubimovaN. A.

Надежда Андреевна Любимова

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

n.nemygina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-6241РабиновичГ. Ю.RabinovichG. Yu.

Рабинович Галина Юрьевна

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

2016vniimz-noo@list.ruФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian Federation20243011202400Специальный выпуск по материалам VII конференции молодых ученых “Почвоведение: Горизонты будущего. 2023"164192Copyright © Любимова Н.А., Рабинович Г.Ю., 20242024Любимова Н.А., Рабинович Г.Ю.Lyubimova N.A., Rabinovich G.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/848

Цель данной работы заключалась в исследовании как раздельного, так и совместного влияния ЖФБ (жидкофазный биопрепарат) и наночастиц Fe3O4 на урожайность картофеля сорта Скарб, а также на почвенную микрофлору. Биосинтез наночастиц Fe3O4 осуществлялся с применением экстракта зеленого чая и раствора FeSO4∙7H2O концентрацией 0.1 моль/л. Эффективность полученного ЖФБ-Fe изучали в полевых условиях на фоне внесения NPK. Результаты трехлетнего эксперимента (2020–2022 гг.) показали, что при опрыскивании вегетирующих растений 1%-ным ЖФБ-Fe урожайность картофеля увеличилась на 16.9%, а при обработке клубней перед посадкой – на 14.8% по сравнению с контролем. В то же время при использовании ЖФБ без добавления наночастиц Fe3O4 урожайность картофеля увеличилась на 9.8% при обработке по листу и на 6.8% при обработке клубней по сравнению с контролем. По результатам микробиологического анализа был рассчитан коэффициент минерализации почвы и рассмотрена зависимость урожайности картофеля от его величины. При варьировании концентрации ЖФБ-Fe обнаружена сильная, но разнонаправленная зависимость урожайности картофеля от коэффициента минерализации почвы как при обработке клубней (уравнение регрессии у = 0.2639х – 39.9329 с коэффициентом корреляции r = 0.72), так и при опрыскивании растений картофеля (уравнение регрессии у = -0.2536х + 55.882 с коэффициентом корреляции r = -0.77). Кроме того, при некорневой обработке растений картофеля 1%-ным раствором наночастиц Fe3O4 была очень сильная обратная взаимосвязь между  урожайностью и количеством азоттрансформирующих микроорганизмов (коэффициент корреляции r = -0.90, при уравнении регрессии у = -0.0841х + 37.9421).

The purpose of this work was to study both the separate and combined effects of the liquid-phase biological (LPB) product and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the yield of potatoes of the Skarb variety, as well as on soil microflora. The biosynthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was carried out using green tea extract and FeSO4∙7H2O solution, concentration 0.1 mol/l. The effectiveness of the obtained LPB-Fe product was studied under field conditions against the background of NPK fertilizers application. The results of a three-year experiment (2020–2022) showed that when spraying plants at vegetative stage with a 1% LPB-Fe product, potato yield increased by 16.9%, and when treating tubers before planting – by 14.8% compared to the control. At the same time, when using LPB without the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, potato yield increased by 9.8% after foliar treatment and by 6.8% after tubers treatment, compared to the control. Based on the results of microbiological analysis, the coefficient of soil mineralization was calculated and the correlation of potato yield and its value was established. Varying concentrations of LPB-Fe preparation resulted in strong but multidirectional dependence of potato yield on the soil mineralization coefficient: both when treating tubers (regression equation y = 0.2639x – 39.9329 with a correlation coefficient r = 0.72) and when spraying potato plants (regression equation y = -0.2536x + 55.882 with correlation coefficient r = -0.77). In addition, during foliar treatment of potato plants with a 1% solution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, there was recorded a very strong inverse relationship between the yield and the number of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms (correlation coefficient r = -0.90, with the regression equation y = -0.0841x + 37.9421).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.