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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2025-122-89-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-885</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тяжелые металлы в почвах на золоторудном месторождении Улюк-Бар (Южный Урал)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heavy metals in the Ulyuk-Bar gold deposit soils (Southern Urals)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-8792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казбулатова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazbulatova</surname><given-names>G. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450077, Уфа, Карла Маркса, 16/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16/2 Karl Marx Str., Ufa 450077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazbulatova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2776-2190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мичурин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Michurin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450077, Уфа, Карла Маркса, 16/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16/2 Karl Marx Str., Ufa 450077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s_michurin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологии УФИЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Geology Institute of the UFRC RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>122</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казбулатова Г.М., Мичурин С.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казбулатова Г.М., Мичурин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazbulatova G.М., Michurin S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/885">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/885</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведена оценка компонентного состава литозёмов и повышенных в них концентраций тяжелых металлов на золоторудном месторождении Улюк-Бар. Минеральные компоненты почв представлены кварцем, иллитом, каолинитом, гетитом и железо-марганцевыми конкрециями. Минералами-концентраторами As, представляющего самую большую потенциальную опасность на месторождении и превышающего ПДК для почв в 159.5 раза, являются гетит и редко каолинит. Химический состав почв близок к составу почвообразующих песчаников. В целом в процессе почвообразования по большинству элементов идет накопление, либо незначительный вынос. Содержания As, Co, Pb, K, Zr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni превышают кларк для почв континентов. Степень подвижности для элементов почв уменьшается в ряду: Sb (46.25) – Ca (36.84) – S (31.48) – Sr (27.91) – Mn (15.38) – Pb (8.84) – Ba (5.41) – Mg (2.88) – Zn (2.70) – Ni (1.70) – P (1.55) – Cu (0.76) – Cr (0.45) – Si (0.42) – K (0.39) – Na (0.20) – Al (0.07) – Fe (0.05) – Co (0.05); Ti, V, Zr, As – неподвижны. Подвижные формы Mn в 2.22 раза, валовые содержания S в 3.71 раза превышают ПДК. Концентрации таких тяжелых металлов как Fe, Mn, Sr, Ba и Cr в почвенных ацетатно-аммонийных вытяжках увеличиваются с ростом щелочности солевой вытяжки, а Zn, Cu, Pb и Sb − кислотности. Для предотвращения подвижности тяжелых металлов до экологически устойчивого уровня эффективная программа мелиорации должна включать комплекс методов по подбору оптимальных соотношений химических веществ, добавляемых в почву.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The assessment of the leptosols composition and the increased concentrations of heavy metals in them at the Ulyuk-Bar gold deposit was carried out. The mineral components of the soils are represented by quartz, illite, kaolinite, goethite and iron-manganese nodules. The minerals concentrating of As, which represents the greatest potential danger in the deposit and exceeding (maximum allowable concentration) MAC by 159.5 times, are goethite, and rarely kaolinite. The chemical composition of soils is close to that of soil-forming sandstones. In general, in the process of soil formation, accumulation or minor removal occurs for most elements. The contents of As, Co, Pb, K, Zr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni exceed сlark for continental soils. The degree of mobility for soil elements decreases in the range Sb (46.25) – Ca (36.84) – S (31.48) – Sr (27.91) – Mn (15.38) – Pb (8.84) – Ba (5.41) – Mg (2.88) – Zn (2.70) – Ni (1.70) – P (1.55) – Cu (0.76) – Cr (0.45) – Si (0.42) – K (0.39) – Na (0.20) – Al (0.07) – Fe (0.05) – Co (0.05); Ti, V, Zr, As are immobile. The mobile forms of Mn are 2.22 times higher, the gross contents of S are 3.71 times higher than the MAC. Concentrations of heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Sr, Ba and Cr in soil ammonium acetate extracts increase with increasing alkalinity of the salt extract, and Zn, Cu, Pb and Sb − acidity. To prevent the mobility of heavy metals to an environmentally sustainable level, an effective reclamation program should include a set of methods for selecting the optimal ratios of chemicals added to the soil.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Авзянский золоторудный район</kwd><kwd>месторождения золота</kwd><kwd>свойства почв</kwd><kwd>гумусообразование</kwd><kwd>токсичные элементы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Avzyan gold region</kwd><kwd>gold deposits</kwd><kwd>soil properties</kwd><kwd>humus formation</kwd><kwd>toxic elements</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в рамках Государственного задания ИГ УФИЦ РАН  №  FMRS-2025-0017.  Авторы  выражают  признательность рецензенту за критические замечания и полезные советы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the IG UFIC RAS No. FMRS-2025-0017. 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