esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-122-127-173esoil-886Research ArticleСтатьиДиагностика гидрологических особенностей почв Самбийской равнины на основе аэрофотосъемки и индуктивного электромагнитного профилированияDiagnostics of hydrological properties of soils of the Sambian plains based on aerial photography and electromagnetic inductionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4113-6396ШиловП. М.ShilovP. M.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

shilov_pm@esoil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-7243АнцифероваО. А.AntsiferovaO. A.

236022, Калининград, Советский проспект, 1

1 Sovetsky Prospekt, Kaliningrad 236022

anciferova@inbox.ruФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian FederationФГОУ ВО “Калининградский государственный технический университет”РоссияKaliningrad State Technical UniversityRussian Federation2025260320250122127173Copyright © Шилов П.М., Анциферова О.А., 20252025Шилов П.М., Анциферова О.А.Shilov P.M., Antsiferova O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/886

Статья посвящена изучению влияния пространственной неоднородности литолого-геоморфологических условий на гидрологические характеристики почв Самбийской равнины при помощи методов аэрофотосъемки и индукционного электромагнитного профилирования. В 2020–2022 гг. на тестовом участке “Перелески” проведены съемка рельефа с использованием БАС, выполнена диагностика пестроты почвообразующих пород и полевые измерения гранулометрического состава, влажности и степени оглеения в опорных почвенных разрезах (n = 4), описание морфологии почвенных горизонтов и степени оглеения дополнительных точек описания (n = 18). На основе метода индукционного электромагнитного профилирования аппаратурой EM38-MK2 установлена достоверная связь между содержанием илистой фракции и электропроводностью в почвенном профиле (R² = 0.88). Многомерное шкалирование позволило ранжировать все почвенные описания на тестовом участке по степени оглеения, обеспечив количественную оценку глубины и длительности застойного переувлажнения почв. Морфометрические характеристики рельефа и величина электропроводности в слоях 0–0.375 м, 0–0.75 м и 0–1.5 м были сопоставлены с расчетным показателем интенсивности оглеения почв. При помощи регрессионного анализа получена зависимость, которая описывает 81% изменчивости оглеения почв в зависимости от двух факторов: электропроводности в слое 0–1.5 м и топографического индекса превышений в окрестности 10 м. В результате почвы были упорядочены по совокупности характеристик в ряду с возрастающей интенсивностью оглеения профиля: буроземы сильноглееватые – дерново-подзолистые глеевые – дерново-глеевые, связанном с различием их среднемноголетнего водного режима. Выявленная пестрота микро- и мезорельефа, высокая вариабельность состава почвообразующих пород привела к чередованию указанных почв в виде почвенных микромозаик, которые указывают на внутриполевую пестроту агроэкологических условий участка.

The article focuses on studying the influence of the spatial heterogeneity of lithological and geomorphological conditions on the hydrological characteristics of the soils of the Sambian Plain using aerial photography and electromagnetic induction methods. From 2020 to 2022, at the “Pereleski” test site, topographic surveys were conducted using UAV, soil-forming material heterogeneity was diagnosed, and field measurements of particle size distribution, moisture content, and the degree of gleyization were carried out in reference soil profiles (n = 4). Additionally, the morphology of soil horizons and the degree of gleyization in additional sampling points (n = 18) were described. The method of electromagnetic induction profiling using the EM38-MK2 established a reliable strong correlation between silt content and apparent soil electrical conductivity (R² = 0.88). Multidimensional scaling enabled the ranking of all soil descriptions at the test site by the degree of gleyization, providing a quantitative assessment of the depth and duration of waterlogging in soil profile. Morphometric characteristics and electrical conductivity in the layers of 0–0.375 m; 0–0.75 m; and 0–1.5 m were compared with the calculated gleyization intensity index of soils. Linear regression analysis revealed a relationship that explains 81% of the variability in soil gleyization based on two factors: electrical conductivity in the 0–1.5 m layer and the topographical positional index within a 10 m radius. Consequently, soils were ranked according to the combined characteristics in a sequence of increasing gleyization intensity: Endogleyic Cambisols – Gleyic Albeluvisols– Haplic Gleysols, linked to the differences in their long-term average water regimes. The identified heterogeneity of micro- and mesorelief and the high variability of the soil-forming materials resulted in the alternation of these soils in the form of soil micro-mosaics, indicating the intra-field heterogeneity of the agroecological conditions of the test site.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.