esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-125-244-273esoil-891Research ArticleСтатьиХимическое строение органического вещества черноземов типичных при различных технологиях земледелияThe chemical structure of the organic matter of typical chernozems of various farming technologieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-380XФарходовЮ. Р.FarkhodovYu. R.

Фарходов Юлиан Робертович.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

yulian.farkhodov@yandex.ruДанилинИ. В.DanilinI. V.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

БелобровВ. П.BelobrovV. P.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

ЕрмолаевН. Р.ErmolaevN. R.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

ЮдинС. А.YudinS. A.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

НадуткинИ. А.NadutkinI. A.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

ХаматнуровШ. А.HamatnurovSh. A.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

СтройковаМ. Н.StroykovaM. N.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-8560ЛазаревВ. И.LazarevV. I.

305021, Курск, ул. Карла Маркса, 70Б

70Б Karl Marx Str., Kursk 305021

vla190353@yandex.ruХолодовВ. А.KholodovV. A.

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian FederationКурский Федеральный аграрный научный центрРоссияFederal Agricultural Kursk Research CenterRussian Federation2025091120250125244273Copyright © Фарходов Ю.Р., Данилин И.В., Белобров В.П., Ермолаев Н.Р., Юдин С.А., Надуткин И.А., Хаматнуров Ш.А., Стройкова М.Н., Лазарев В.И., Холодов В.А., 20252025Фарходов Ю.Р., Данилин И.В., Белобров В.П., Ермолаев Н.Р., Юдин С.А., Надуткин И.А., Хаматнуров Ш.А., Стройкова М.Н., Лазарев В.И., Холодов В.А.Farkhodov Y.R., Danilin I.V., Belobrov V.P., Ermolaev N.R., Yudin S.A., Nadutkin I.A., Hamatnurov S.A., Stroykova M.N., Lazarev V.I., Kholodov V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/891

Экологизация современного земледелия предполагает отказ от технологии традиционной обработки (ТО) и замену ее почвосберегающей. Одной из таких технологий является прямой посев (ПП). Его внедрение существенно изменяет условия поступления и трансформации растительных остатков. При этом мало известно об изменении строения почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ) в условиях применения ПП. Целью работы была сравнительная оценка влияния ПП и ТО на химическое строение органического вещества типичных черноземов. На примере 8-летнего полевого опыта на черноземе типичном (Курская область) проведена оценка влияния технологий ТО и ПП в слоях 0–10 и 10–20 см на химические свойства: рН, содержание подвижных форм фосфора и калия, общего азота, органического углерода, а также химическое строение ПОВ черноземов типичных, для изучения которого применяли методы ИК-спектрометрии и аналитического пиролиза. Строение ПОВ продемонстрировало наиболее выраженную зависимость от технологии земледелия по сравнению с другими изученными свойствами. Трансформация ПОВ в условиях ПП вызвана накоплением углеводов, а также продуктов их микробной переработки. Применение ТО приводит к доминированию в структуре ПОВ компонентов пассивного пула, не участвующих в процессах микробной трансформации. По результатам корреляционного анализа показано, что тенденция к накоплению органического углерода при ПП связана с увеличением доли углеводов и фенольных соединений в составе ПОВ.

The transition to sustainable agriculture involves the adoption of soil-saving technologies, such as no-till (NT), as an alternative to conventional tillage (CT). The introduction of NT fundamentally alters the dynamics of plant residue input and decomposition; however, its effects on the molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) remain insufficiently studied. This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the influence of NT and CT on the chemical structure of SOM in typical chernozems. Soil samples were collected from 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths in the 8-year field experiment with a four-course grain crop rotation under NT and CT management. Standard soil chemical properties (pH, available phosphorus and potassium, total nitrogen, and organic carbon) were analyzed. The chemical structure of SOM was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis. The molecular structure of SOM demonstrated the most pronounced dependence on the tillage practice compared to all other measured properties. The transformation under NT was characterized by the accumulation of carbohydrates and products of their microbial metabolism. In contrast, CT led to the dominance of recalcitrant compounds within the passive pool, which are not involved in active microbial transformation. Correlation analysis revealed that the trends of accumulation of organic carbon under NT is associated with the increased contribution of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds to the SOM composition.

прямой посевпочвенное органическое веществоИК-спектрометрияаналитический пиролизметод главных компонентno-tillsoil organic matterIR spectrometryanalytical pyrolysisprincipal component analysisИсследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект No 24-26-00293, https://www.rscf.ru/project/24-26-00293.The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 24-26-00293, https://www.rscf.ru/project/24-26-00293.ReferencesАлександровский А.Л., Александровская Е.И. Эволюция почв и географическая среда. М.: Наука. 2005. 223 с.Aleksandrovsky A.L., Aleksandrovskaya E.I., Evolyutsiya pochv i geograficheskaya sreda (Evolution of soils and geographical environment), Moscow: Nauka, 2005, 223 p.Белобров В.П., Юдин С.А., Айдиев А.Я., Ермолаев Н.Р., Лебедева М.П., Абросимов К.Н., Борисочкина Т.И., Воронин А.Я., Плотникова О.О. Чернозем типичный, прямой посев, Курская область. опыт, ротация 1.1 / под ред. А.Л. Иванова. М.: ГЕОС, 2021. 123 с.Belobrov V.P., Yudin S.A., Aidiev A.Ya., N.R. E., Lebedeva M.P., Abrosimov K.N., Borisochkina T.I., Voronin A.Ya., Plotnikova O.O., Chernozem tipichnyy. pryamoy posev, Kurskaya oblast'. opyt, rotatsiya 1.1 (Typical chernozem. No-till, Kursk region. experience, rotation 1.1), A.L. Ivanov (Ed.), Moscow: GEOS, 2021, 123 p.Дридигер В.К., Иванов А.Л., Белобров В.П., Кутовая О.В. Восстановление свойств почв в технологии прямого посева // Почвоведение. 2020. № 9. C. 1111–1120.Dridiger V.K., Ivanov A.L., Belobrov V.P., Kutovaya O.V., Vosstanovleniye svoystv pochv v tekhnologii pryamogo poseva (Restoration of soil properties in no-till technology), Soil Science, 2020, No. 9, pp. 1111–1120.Иванов А.Л., Кулинцев В.В., Дридигер В.К., Белобров В.П. О целесообразности освоения системы прямого посева на черноземах России // Достижения науки и техники АПК. 2021. T. 35. № 4. C. 8–16.Ivanov A.L., Kulintsev V.V., Dridiger V.K., Belobrov V.P., O tselesoobraznosti osvoyeniya sistemy pryamogo poseva na chernozemakh Rossii (On the feasibility of developing a direct sowing system on Russian chernozems), Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex, 2021, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 8–16.Иванов А.Л., Куст Г.С., Донник И.М., Бедрицкий А.И., Багиров В.А., Козлов Д.Н., Савин И.Ю., Алымбаева Ж.Б., Андреев С.Г., Андреева О.В. Глобальный климат и почвенный покров России: опустынивание и деградация земель, институциональные, инфраструктурные, технологические меры адаптации (сельское и лесное хозяйство). Т. 2. М.: ООО “Издательство МБА”, 2019. 476 с.Ivanov A.L., Kust G.S., Donnik I.M., Bedritsky A. I., Bagirov V.A., Kozlov D.N., Savin I.Yu., Alymbaeva Zh.B., Andreev S.G., Andreeva O.V., Global'nyy klimat i pochvennyy pokrov Rossii: opustynivaniye i degradatsiya zemel', institutsional'nyye, infrastrukturnyye, tekhnologicheskiye mery adaptatsii (sel'skoye i lesnoye khozyaystvo) (Global climate and soil cover in Russia: desertification and land degradation, institutional, infrastructural, technological adaptation measures (agriculture and forestry)), Vol. 2, Moscow: OOO “Izdatelstvo MBA”, 2019, 476 p.Иванов А.Л., Савин И.Ю., Столбовой В.С., Духанин Ю.А., Козлов Д.Н., Баматов И.М. Глобальный климат и почвенный покров – последствия для землепользования России // Бюллетень Почвенного института им. В.В. Докучаева. Москва. 2021. № 107. C. 5–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-107-5-32.Ivanov A.L., Savin I.Yu., Stolbovoy V.S., Dukhanin A.Yu., Kozlov D.N., Bamatov I.M., Global climate and soil cover – implications for land use in Russia, Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2021, Vol. 107, pp. 5–32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-107-5-32.Кирюшин В.И., Дридигер В.К., Власенко А.Н., Власенко Н.Г., Козлов Д.Н., Кирюшин С.В., Конищев А.А. Методические рекомендации по разработке минимальных систем обработки почвы и прямого посева / М.: ООО “Издательство МБА”, 2019. 136 с.Kiryushin V.I., Driediger V.K., Vlasenko A.N., Vlasenko N.G., Kozlov D.N., Kiryushin S.V., Konishchev A.A., Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po razrabotke minimal'nykh sistem obrabotki pochvy i pryamogo poseva (Methodological recommendations for the development of minimal tillage systems and no-till), Moscow: : OOO “Izdatelstvo MBA”, 2019, 136 p.Пансю М., Готеру Ж. Анализ почвы. Справочник. Минералогические, органические и неорганические методы анализа. СПб: ЦОП “Профессия”, 2014. 800 с.Pansyu M., Goterou J., Analiz pochvy. Spravochnik. Mineralogicheskiye, organicheskiye i neorganicheskiye metody analiza (Soil analysis. Directory. Mineralogical, organic and inorganic methods of analysis), St. Petersburg: TsOP “Profession”, 2014, 800 p.Розенцвет О.А., Федосеева Е.В., Терехова В.А. Липидные биомаркеры в экологической оценке почвенной биоты: анализ жирных кислот // Успехи современной биологии. 2019. T. 139. № 2. C. 161–177.Rozentsvet O.A., Fedoseeva E.V., Terekhova V.A., Lipidnyye biomarkery v ekologicheskoy otsenke pochvennoy bioty: analiz zhirnykh kislot (Lipid biomarkers in the ecological assessment of soil biota: analysis of fatty acids), Uspekhi sovremennoy biologii Advances in modern biology, 2019, Vol. 139, No. 2, pp. 161–177.Столбовой В.С., Гребенников А.М., Оглезнев А.К., Иванов А.Л., Ильин Л.И., Колесникова Л.Г., Петросян Р.Д., Шилов П.М., Филь П.П., Корчагин А.А. Реестр индикаторов качества почв сельскохозяйственных угодий Российской Федерации. Версия 1.0. Иваново: “ПресСто”, 2021. 259 с.Stolbovoy V.S., Grebennikov A.M., Ogleznev A.K., Ivanov A.L., Ilyin L.I., Kolesnikova L.G., Petrosyan R.D., Shilov P.M., Fil P.P., Korchagin A.A., Reyestr indikatorov kachestva pochv sel'skokhozyaystvennykh ugodiy Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Versiya 1.0 (Register of indicators of soil quality in agricultural lands of the Russian Federation. Version 1.0), Ivanovo: “PresSto”, 2021, 259 p.Столбовой В.С., Молчанов Э.Н. Единый государственный реестр почвенных ресурсов России как модель пространственной организации почвенного покрова // Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая. 2015. № 5. C. 135–143.Stolbovoy V.S., Molchanov E.N., Yedinyy gosudarstvennyy reyestr pochvennykh resursov Rossii kak model' prostranstvennoy organizatsii pochvennogo pokrova (Unified state register of soil resources of Russia as a model of spatial organization of soil cover), Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Geographical series, 2015, No. 5, pp. 135–143.Фрид А.С. и др. Зонально-провинциальные нормативы изменений агрохимических, физико-химических и физических показателей основных пахотных почв европейской территории России при антропогенных воздействиях. М.: Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева, 2010. 176 с.Frid A.S. et al., Zonal'no-provintsial'nyye normativy izmeneniy agrokhimicheskikh, fiziko-khimicheskikh i fizicheskikh pokazateley osnovnykh pakhotnykh pochv territorii Rossii pri antropogennykh vozdeystviyakh (Zonal-provincial standards for changes in agrochemical, physicochemical and physical indicators of the main arable soils of the territory of Russia under anthropogenic influences), Moscow: V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 2010, 176 p.Холодов В.А., Рогова О.Б., Лебедева М.П., Варламов Е.Б., Волков Д.С., Зиганшина А.Р., Ярославцева Н.В. Органическое вещество и минеральная матрица почв: современные подходы, определения терминов и методы изучения (обзор) // Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева. 2023. № 117. C. 52–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-52-100.Kholodov V.A., Rogova O.B., Lebedeva M.P., Varlamov E.B., Volkov D.S., Ziganshina A.R., Yaroslavtseva N.V., Organic matter and mineral matrix of soils: modern approaches, definitions of terms and methods of study (review), Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2023, Vol. 117, pp. 52–100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-52-100.Холодов В.А., Фарходов Ю.Р., Ярославцева Н.В., Айдиев А.Ю., Лазарев В.И., Ильин Б.С., Иванов А.Л., Куликова Н.А. Термолабильное и термостабильное органическое вещество черноземов разного землепользования // Почвоведение. 2020. T. 8. C. 970–982.Kholodov V.A., Farkhodov Yu.R., Yaroslavtseva N.V., Aidiev A.Yu., Lazarev V.I., Ilyin B.S., Ivanov A.L., Kulikova N.A., Termolabil'noye i termostabil'noye organicheskoye veshchestvo chernozemov raznogo zemlepol'zovaniya (Thermolabile and thermostable organic matter of chernozems of different land uses), Pochvovedeniye, 2020, Vol. 8, pp. 970–982.Холодов В.А., Ярославцева Н.В. Агрегаты и органическое вещество почв восстанавливающихся ценозов. М.: ГЕОС, 2021. 119 с.Kholodov V.A., Yaroslavtseva N.V., Agregaty i organicheskoye veshchestvo pochv vosstanavlivayushchikhsya tsenozov (Aggregates and organic matter of soils of recovering cenoses), Moscow: GEOS, 2021, 119 p.Юдин С.А., Плотникова О.О., Белобров В.П., Лебедева М.П., Абросимов К.Н., Ермолаев Н.Р. Количественная характеристика микростроения типичных черноземов при использовании разных агротехнологий // Почвоведение. 2023. T. 6. C. 774–786.Yudin S.A., Plotnikova O.O., Belobrov V.P., Lebedeva M.P., Abrosimov K.N., Ermolaev N.R., Kolichestvennaya kharakteristika mikrostroyeniya tipichnykh chernozemov pri ispol'zovanii raznykh agrotekhnologiy (Quantitative characteristics of the microstructure of typical chernozems using different agricultural technologies), Pochvovedeniye, 2023, Vol. 6, pp. 774–786.ГОСТ 26423-85. Методы определения удельной электрической проводимости, рН и плотного остатка водной вытяжки. 1986.GOST 26423-85, Metody opredeleniya udel'noy elektricheskoy provodimosti, rN i plotnogo ostatka vodnoy vytyazhki (Methods for determining specific electrical conductivity, pH and solid residue of aqueous extract), 1986.ГОСТ 26483-85 Почвы. Приготовление солевой вытяжки и определение ее pH по методу ЦИНАО. 1986.GOST 26483-85, Pochvy. Prigotovleniye solevoy vytyazhki i opredeleniye yeye pH po metodu TSINAO (Soils. Preparation of a salt extract and determination of its pH using the TsINAO method), 1986.ГОСТ 26205-91 Почвы. Определение подвижных соединений фосфора и калия по методу Мачигина в модификации ЦИНАО. 1993.GOST 26205-91, Pochvy. Opredeleniye podvizhnykh soyedineniy fosfora i kaliya po metodu Machigina v modifikatsii (Soils. Determination of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium using the Machigin method modified by TsINAO), 1993.ГОСТ 26423-85 Почвы. Методы определения удельной электрической проводимости, pH и плотного остатка водной вытяжки. 1986. 7 c.GOST 26423-85, Pochvy. Metody opredeleniya udel'noy elektricheskoy provodimosti, pH i plotnogo ostatka vodnoy vytyazhki (Soils. Methods for determining specific electrical conductivity, pH and solid residue of aqueous extract), 1986, 7 p.ГОСТ 26483-85 Почвы. Приготовление солевой вытяжки и определение ее pH по методу ЦИНАО. 1986. 7 c.GOST 26483-85, Pochvy. Prigotovleniye solevoy vytyazhki i opredeleniye yeye pH po metodu TSINAO (Soils. Preparation of salt extract and determination of its pH using the TsINAO method), 1986, 7 p.Aksenov A.A. et al. Auto-deconvolution and molecular networking of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data // Nature Biotechnology. 2021. Vol. 39. No 2. P. 169–173.Aksenov A.A. et al., Auto-deconvolution and molecular networking of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data, Nature Biotechnology, 2021, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 169–173.Aziz I., Mahmood T., Islam K.R. Effect of long term no-till and conventional tillage practices on soil quality // Soil and Tillage Research. 2013. Vol. 131. P. 28–35.Aziz I., Mahmood T., Islam K.R., Effect of long term no-till and conventional tillage practices on soil quality, Soil and Tillage Research, 2013, Vol. 131, pp. 28–35.Blanco-Canqui H., Lal R. Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates // Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 2004. Vol. 23. No 6. P. 481–504.Blanco-Canqui H., Lal R., Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates Critical, Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2004, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 481–504.Blevins R.L., Cook D., Phillips S.H., Phillips R.E. Influence of No-tillage on Soil Moisture // Agronomy Journal. 1971. Vol. 63. No 4. P. 593–596.Blevins R.L., Cook D., Phillips S.H., Phillips R.E., Influence of no-tillage on soil moisture, Agronomy Journal, 1971, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 593–596.Collard F.-X., Blin J. A review on pyrolysis of biomass constituents: Mechanisms and composition of the products obtained from the conversion of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014. Vol. 38. P. 594–608.Collard F.-X., Blin J., A review on pyrolysis of biomass constituents: Mechanisms and composition of the products obtained from the conversion of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, Vol. 38, pp. 594–608.Dago N.D. et al. A Quick Computational Statistical Pipeline Developed in R Programing Environment for Agronomic Metric Data Analysis // 2019. Vol. 9. No 4. P. 22–44.Dago N.D. et. al., A quick computational statistical pipeline developed in r programing environment for agronomic metric data analysis, 2019, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 22–44.De la Rosa J.M., Gonzalez-Perez J.A., Gonzalez-Vazquez R., Knicker H., Lopez-Capel E., Manning D.A.C., Gonzalez-Vila F.J. Use of pyrolysis / GC-MS combined with thermal analysis to monitor C and N changes in soil organic matter from a Mediterranean fire affected forest // Catena. 2008. Vol. 74. No 3. P. 296–303.De la Rosa J.M., Gonzalez-Perez J.A., Gonzalez-Vazquez R., Knicker H., Lopez-Capel E., Manning D.A. C., Gonzalez-Vila F.J., Use of pyrolysis/GC-MS combined with thermal analysis to monitor C and N changes in soil organic matter from a Mediterranean fire affected forest, Catena, 2008, Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 296–303.Huang Y., Eglinton G., Van der Hage E.R.E., Boon J.J., Bol R., Ineson P. Dissolved organic matter and its parent organic matter in grass upland soil horizons studied by analytical pyrolysis techniques // European Journal of Soil Science. 1998. Vol. 49. No. 1. P. 1–15.Huang Y., Eglinton G., Van der Hage E.R. E., Boon J.J., Bol R., Ineson P., Dissolved organic matter and its parent organic matter in grass upland soil horizons studied by analytical pyrolysis techniques, European Journal of Soil Science, 1998, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 1–15.ISO. ISO 10694:1995. Soil quality. Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis. 1995.ISO. ISO 10694:1995, Soil quality, Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis), 1995.Kan Z.-R., Liu W.-X., Liu W.-S., Lal R., Dang Y.P., Zhao X., Zhang H.-L. Mechanisms of soil organic carbon stability and its response to no-till: A global synthesis and perspective // Global Change Biology. 2022. Vol. 28. No. 3. P. 693–710.Kan Z.-R., Liu W.-X., Liu W.-S., Lal R., Dang Y.P., Zhao X., Zhang H.-L., Mechanisms of soil organic carbon stability and its response to no-till: A global synthesis and perspective, Global Change Biology, 2022, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 693–710.Kassambara A., Mundt F. factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses. 2022. URL: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/factoextra.Kassambara A., Mundt F., factoextra: Extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses, 2022, URL: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/factoextra.Margenot A.J., Calderón F.J., Bowles T.M., Parikh S.J., Jackson L.E. Soil organic matter functional group composition in relation to organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fractions in organically managed tomato fields // Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2015. Vol. 79. No. 3. P. 772–782.Margenot A.J., Calderón F.J., Bowles T.M., Parikh S.J., Jackson L.E., Soil organic matter functional group composition in relation to organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fractions in organically managed tomato fields, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2015, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 772–782.Murphy D.V., Cookson W.R., Braimbridge M., Marschner P., Jones D.L., Stockdale E.A., Abbott L.K. Relationships between soil organic matter and the soil microbial biomass (size, functional diversity, and community structure) in crop and pasture systems in a semi-arid environment // Soil Research. 2011. Vol. 49. No. 7. P. 582–594.Murphy D.V., Cookson W.R., Braimbridge M., Marschner P., Jones D.L., Stockdale E.A., Abbott L.K., Relationships between soil organic matter and the soil microbial biomass (size, functional diversity, and community structure) in crop and pasture systems in a semi-arid environment, Soil Research, 2011, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 582–594.Ndzelu B.S., Dou S., Zhang X., Zhang Y. Molecular composition and structure of organic matter in density fractions of soils amended with corn straw for five years // Pedosphere. 2023. Vol. 33. No. 2. P. 372–380.Ndzelu B.S., Dou S., Zhang X., Zhang Y., Molecular composition and structure of organic matter in density fractions of soils amended with corn straw for five years, Pedosphere, 2023, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 372–380.Plaza C., Courtier-Murias D., Fernández J.M., Polo A., Simpson A.J. Physical, chemical, and biochemical mechanisms of soil organic matter stabilization under conservation tillage systems: A central role for microbes and microbial by-products in C sequestration // Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2013. Vol. 57. P. 124–134.Plaza C., Courtier-Murias D., Fernández J.M., Polo A., Simpson A.J., Physical, chemical, and biochemical mechanisms of soil organic matter stabilization under conservation tillage systems: A central role for microbes and microbial by-products in C sequestration, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, Vol. 57, pp. 124–134.Pyrolysis of organic molecules: applications to health and environmental issues / Moldoveanu S.C. (Ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv., 2019. 711 p.Moldoveanu S.C. (Ed.), Pyrolysis of organic molecules: applications to health and environmental issues, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv, 2019, 711 p.Rumpel C., González-Pérez J.A., Bardoux G., Largeau C., Gonzalez-Vila F.J., Valentin C. Composition and reactivity of morphologically distinct charred materials left after slash-and-burn practices in agricultural tropical soils // Organic Geochemistry. 2007. Vol. 38. No. 6. P. 911–920.Rumpel C., González-Pérez J.A., Bardoux G., Largeau C., Gonzalez-Vila F.J., Valentin C., Composition and reactivity of morphologically distinct charred materials left after slash-and-burn practices in agricultural tropical soils, Organic Geochemistry, 2007, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 911–920.Saiz-Jimenez C., De Leeuw J.W. Chemical characterization of soil organic matter fractions by analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry // Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 1986. Vol. 9. No. 2. P. 99–119.Saiz-Jimenez C., De Leeuw J.W., Chemical characterization of soil organic matter fractions by analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1986, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 99–119.Šimon T., Javůrek M., Mikanová O., Vach M. The influence of tillage systems on soil organic matter and soil hydrophobicity // Soil and Tillage Research. 2009. Vol. 105. No. 1. P. 44–48.Šimon T., Javůrek M., Mikanová O., Vach M., The influence of tillage systems on soil organic matter and soil hydrophobicity, Soil and Tillage Research, 2009, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 44–48.Spargo J.T., Cavigelli M.A., Alley M.M., Maul J.E., Buyer J.S., Sequeira C.H., Follett R.F. Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions with duration of no-tillage management // Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2012. Vol. 76. No. 5. P. 1624–1633.Spargo J.T., Cavigelli M.A., Alley M.M., Maul J.E., Buyer J.S., Sequeira C.H., Follett R.F., Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions with duration of no-tillage management, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2012, Vol. 76, No. 5, pp. 1624–1633.Van Boxtel G., Laboissière R., Wilhelm H.D. gsignal: Signal processing. 2021. URL: https://github.com/gjmvanboxtel/gsignal.Van Boxtel G., Laboissière R., Wilhelm H.D., gsignal: Signal processing, 2021, URL: https://github.com/gjmvanboxtel/gsignal.Vieira F.C.B., Bayer C., Zanatta J.A., Dieckow J., Mielniczuk J., He Z.L. Carbon management index based on physical fractionation of soil organic matter in an Acrisol under long-term no-till cropping systems // Soil and Tillage Research. 2007. Vol. 96. No. 1. P. 195–204.Vieira F.C.B., Bayer C., Zanatta J.A., Dieckow J., Mielniczuk J., He Z.L., Carbon management index based on physical fractionation of soil organic matter in an Acrisol under long-term no-till cropping systems, Soil and Tillage Research, 2007, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 195–204.Vives-Peris V., de Ollas C., Gómez-Cadenas A., Pérez-Clemente R.M. Root exudates: from plant to rhizosphere and beyond // Plant Cell Reports. 2020. Vol. 39. No. 1. P. 3–17.Vives-Peris V., de Ollas C., Gómez-Cadenas A., Pérez-Clemente R.M., Root exudates: from plant to rhizosphere and beyond, Plant Cell Reports, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 3–17.Volkov D.S., Rogova O.B., Proskurnin M.A. Organic matter and mineral composition of silicate soils: ftir comparison study by photoacoustic, diffuse reflectance, and attenuated total reflection modalities // Agronomy. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 9. P. 1879.Volkov D.S., Rogova O.B., Proskurnin M.A., Organic matter and mineral composition of silicate soils: FTIR comparison study by photoacoustic, diffuse reflectance, and attenuated total reflection modalities, Agronomy, 2021, Vol. 11, No. 9, p. 189.Weil R., Magdoff F. Significance of soil organic matter to soil quality and health // Soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture. 2004. P. 1–43.Weil R., Magdoff F., Significance of soil organic matter to soil quality and health, Soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture, 2004, pp. 1–43.Wickham H. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2016.Wickham H., ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2016.Wickham H., François R., Henry L., Müller K., Vaughan D. dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation. R package version 1.1.4. 2023. URL: https://github.com/tidyverse/dplyr.Wickham H., François R., Henry L., Müller K., Vaughan D., dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation. R package version 1.1.4, 2023, URL: https://github.com/tidyverse/dplyr.Wynn J.G., Harden J.W., Fries T.L. Stable carbon isotope depth profiles and soil organic carbon dynamics in the lower Mississippi Basin // Geoderma. 2006. Vol. 131. No. 1. P. 89–109.Wynn J.G., Harden J.W., Fries T.L., Stable carbon isotope depth profiles and soil organic carbon dynamics in the lower Mississippi Basin, Geoderma, 2006, Vol. 131, No. 1, pp. 89–109.Yang S., Jansen B., Absalah S., Kalbitz K., Chunga Castro F.O., Cammeraat E.L.H. Soil organic carbon content and mineralization controlled by the composition, origin and molecular diversity of organic matter: A study in tropical alpine grasslands // Soil and Tillage Research. 2022. Vol. 215. P. 105203.Yang S., Jansen B., Absalah S., Kalbitz K., Chunga Castro F.O., Cammeraat E.L.H., Soil organic carbon content and mineralization controlled by the composition, origin and molecular diversity of organic matter: A study in tropical alpine grasslands, Soil and Tillage Research, 2022, Vol. 215, pp. 105–203.Zhao C., Jiang E., Chen A. Volatile production from pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin // Journal of the Energy Institute. 2017. Vol. 90. No. 6. P. 902–913.Zhao C., Jiang E., Chen A., Volatile production from pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, Journal of the Energy Institute, 2017, Vol. 90, No. 6, pp. 902–913.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.