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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esoil</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. Докучаева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0136-1694</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-4202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19047/0136-1694-2025-126-204-229</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esoil-946</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние тяжелых металлов на ферментативную активность почв природно-рекреационной зоны г. Перми (модельный опыт)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of heavy metals on the enzyme activity within the soils of the nature recreation zone in Perm (Model Experiment)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-0859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайранова</surname><given-names>П. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sairanova</surname><given-names>P. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сайранова Полина Шамилевна - аспирант 4 года обучения по направлению биологические науки (почвоведение); младший научный сотрудник НИЛ биогеохимии техногенных ландшафтов ЕНИ ПГНИУ.</p><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Bukireva Str., Perm 614990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sairanova.p@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-0874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерёмченко</surname><given-names>О. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremchenko</surname><given-names>O. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерёмченко Ольга Зиновьевна - доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры физиологии растений и экологии почв ПГНИУ.</p><p>614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Bukireva Str., Perm 614990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eremch@psu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>126</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сайранова П.Ш., Ерёмченко О.З., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сайранова П.Ш., Ерёмченко О.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sairanova P.S., Eremchenko O.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/946">https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/946</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы была оценка изменения ферментативной активности (каталазы, уреазы и инвертазы) в дерново-элювоземе и темногумусовой почве при смоделированном загрязнении Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb. Активность ферментов является одним из индикаторов токсичности металлов в почвах. Для создания необходимых уровней загрязнения в исследуемые почвы вносили растворы уксуснокислых солей Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb с концентрациями: 0 (контроль), 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 1500 мг/кг почвы. По генетическим свойствам темногумусовые почвы обладают более высокой устойчивостью к поллютантам в отличие от дерново-элювозема. Содержание органического вещества в темногумусовой почве в среднем составляет 7.0%, реакция среды близка к нейтральной. Гранулометрический состав изменяется в профиле от тяжелосуглинистого до среднеглинистого, а дерново-элювозем – легкосуглинистый, кислый и с меньшим содержанием гумуса. Определение критического уровня загрязненности, выраженного через активности каталазы, уреазы и инвертазы, подтвердило повышенную устойчивость темногумусовой почвы. Среди изученных показателей наиболее чувствительным к загрязнению обеих почв тяжелыми металлами оказалась активность уреазы: она снизилась в дерново-элювоземе при внесении Cd и Cu в количестве от 100 мг/кг и выше, в темногумусовой почве – при внесении Cd от 100 мг/кг и выше, а Cu – от 1000 мг/кг и выше. Негативное воздействие Pb проявилось только в темногумусовой почве, где активность уреазы понижалась при загрязнении от 250 мг/кг и выше. Активность фермента была устойчивой при загрязнении почв Zn, снижение показателя отметили лишь при максимальной дозе (1500 мг/кг). Особенность каталазной и инвертазной активности в обеих почвах проявилась в их усилении при повышенном загрязнении, что обусловлено, по-видимому, снижением активности микроорганизмов. При анализе сравнительной токсичности металлов установлено, что Cu, несмотря на свое биогенное значение, отличалась усиленным экотоксикологическим эффектом по сравнению с Zn и Cd; наименьшее воздействие на ферментативную активность оказало внесение Pb.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to assess the change in enzyme activity (catalase, urease, and invertase) in soddy-eluvozem and dark humus soil under simulated contamination with Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Enzyme activity serves as one of the indicators of metal toxicity in soils. Appropriate levels of pollution were established in preserved media using solutions of acetic acid salts of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb with concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg. Based on genetic properties, dark humus soils exhibit greater resistance to pollutants compared to soddy-eluvozem. The average organic matter content in dark humus soil reaches 7.0%, with nearly neutral pH, while the granulometric composition varies from heavy loamy to medium clayey, and sod-eluvozem is characterized by light loamy texture, acidity, and a lower humus content. The assessment of the critical pollution threshold, indicated by the activity levels of catalase, urease, and invertase, demonstrates the enhanced stability of dark humus soil. Among the indicators studied, the urease activity emerged as the most sensitive indicator of heavy metal pollution in both types of soil; it decreased in sod-eluvozem with the introduction of Cd and Cu starting at 100 mg/kg and higher, while in dark humus soil, the decline occurred with the introduction of Cd starting at 100 mg/kg and higher and Cu starting at 1000 mg/kg and higher. The negative impact of Pb was observed only in dark humus soil, where urease activity decreased under pollution levels of 250 mg/kg and greater. The enzyme activity remained consistent when the soil was contaminated with Zn, with a decrease in the indicator observed only at elevated doses (1500 mg/kg). A notable feature of catalase and invertase activity in both soils was their increase under higher levels of contamination, which is presumably due to a decrease in microbial activity. When analyzing the comparative toxicity of metals, it was found that Cu, despite its biogenic significance, exhibited a greater ecotoxicological effect when compared to Zn and Cd; the introduction of Pb had the minimal effect on enzyme activity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уреаза</kwd><kwd>каталаза</kwd><kwd>инвертаза</kwd><kwd>тяжелые металлы</kwd><kwd>устойчивость почв</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urease</kwd><kwd>catalase</kwd><kwd>invertase</kwd><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>soil stability</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Минобрнауки РФ, проект FSNF-2020-0021.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project FSNF-2020-0021.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аладьева Т.Л., Зиматкин С.М. 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