esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-126-90-116esoil-949Research ArticleСтатьиОсобенности структуры почвенного покрова горнопромышленных комплексов Ленинградской областиFeatures of soil cover structures of mining and industrial complexes in the Leningrad Oblasthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-8638МоргачЮ. Р.MorgachYu. R.

Моргач Юлия Р. - м.н.с.

197375, Санкт-Петербург, Биржевой проезд, д. 6

6 Birzhevoy proezd, Saint Petersburg 199034

tima204@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-6265СухачеваЕ. Ю.SukhachevaE. Yu.

Сухачева Елена Ю.

197375, Санкт-Петербург, Биржевой проезд, д. 6; 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9

6 Birzhevoy proezd, Saint Petersburg 199034; 7–9 Universitetskaya Embankment, Saint Petersburg 199034

lenasoil@mail.ruЦентральный музей почвоведения им. В. В. Докучаева – филиал ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В. В. Докучаева”РоссияV.V. Dokuchaev Central Soil Museum, Branch of the Federal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian FederationЦентральный музей почвоведения им. В. В. Докучаева – филиал ФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В. В. Докучаева”; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияV.V. Dokuchaev Central Soil Museum, Branch of the Federal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”; Saint Petersburg UniversityRussian Federation202507012026012690116Copyright © Моргач Ю.Р., Сухачева Е.Ю., 20262026Моргач Ю.Р., Сухачева Е.Ю.Morgach Y.R., Sukhacheva E.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/949

Исследования почв и почвенного покрова проводились на территории горнопромышленных комплексов по добыче гранита, песка и песчано-гравийной смеси, глины и на торфоразработках. Разработка месторождений полезных ископаемых приводит к кардинальному изменению почв и почвенного покрова (ПП), к появлению новых почвенных разностей и не имеющих аналогов в естественных ландшафтах структур почвенного покрова (СПП). Ареалы антропогенно-преобразованных почв, непочвенных образований и вновь формирующихся почвенных комбинаций на таких территориях часто имеют геометрически правильную форму. В местах, где естественный ПП был полностью уничтожен (выработка карьера), образуется водоем или новые неконтрастные СПП наиболее близкие к естественным ташетам, компонентами которых являются слаборазвитые почвы. Вдоль подъездных грунтовых дорог к карьерам, в зависимости от добываемого ископаемого, формируются различные формы новых антропогенных СПП. Для торфоразработок характерны регулярно-ячеистые прямоугольные формы почвенных комбинаций, обусловленные технологией добычи торфа. На территории карьера по добыче глины формируются СПП близкие к естественным сложным мозаикам. Выявленные СПП, формирующиеся на территории горнопромышленных комплексов, в большинстве случаев не имеют аналогов среди естественных, и для целей картографирования этих территорий, а также оценки изменения экологических функций почв антропогенно-преобразованных территорий требуется дальнейшая проработка типологии антропогенных СПП.

Studies of soils and soil cover were conducted in the territory of mining complexes for the extraction of granite, sand and sand-gravel mixture, clay and peat mining. The development of mineral deposits leads to cardinal changes in soils and soil cover (SC), to the appearance of new soil varieties and soil cover structures (SCS) that have no analogues in natural landscapes. The areas of anthropogenically transformed soils, non-soil formations and newly formed soil combinations in such areas often have a geometrically regular shape. In places where natural SC has been completely destroyed (quarry excavation), a water body or new non-contrasting SCS are formed, which are closest to natural tachets and whose components are underdeveloped soils. Along the access roads to the quarries, depending on the extracted minerals, different forms of new anthropogenic SCS are formed. The access road to the sand pit does not have high shoulders fixed by vegetation cover, which allows the formation of a two-way relationship, manifested in the transfer of sandy material from the road surface to the shoulders (stratified soils) and in the opposite direction. Peat mining is characterized by regular-cellular rectangular forms of soil combinations due to peat extraction technology. On the territory of the clay quarry, SCS close to natural mosaics are formed. The identified SCS formed on the territory of mining-industrial complexes in most cases have no analogues among natural ones, and for the purposes of mapping these territories, as well as assessing changes in the ecological functions of soils of anthropogenically transformed territories, further development of the typology of anthropogenic SCS is required.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.