esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-124-70-90esoil-975Research ArticleСпециальный номер "Органическое вещество почв"Special Issue "Soil Organic Matter"Современные подходы к изучению строения почвенного органического веществаContemporary approaches to studying the structure of soil organic matterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-7897ХолодовВ. А.KholodovV. A.

Холодов Владимир Алексеевич, зав. лаб орагнического вещества и биохииипочв

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

vkholod@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-380XФарходовЮ. Р.FarkhodovYu. R.

Фарходов Юлиан Робертович

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

yulian.farhodov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1564-5365ДанилинИ. В.DanilinI. V.

Данилин Игорь Вячеславович

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

danilin.i@mail.ruФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian Federation2025200920250124"Почвенное органическое вещество"7090Copyright © Холодов В.А., Фарходов Ю.Р., Данилин И.В., 20252025Холодов В.А., Фарходов Ю.Р., Данилин И.В.Kholodov V.A., Farkhodov Y.R., Danilin I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/975

Целью работы было кратко изложить основные подходы к изучению строения органического вещества почв, позволяющие получить наиболее полное описание этого уникального природного феномена. Основное внимание уделено подходам, реализуемым в Почвенном институте им. В.В. Докучаева, примеры которых опубликованы в настоящем спецвыпуске. Современные методы можно разделить на две большие группы: исследовательские и рутинные. Исследовательские методы это недавно внедренные или внедряемые в научную практику технические решения и подходы. Рутинные – широко применяемые для изучения почвенного органического вещества. Преимущество первых – это перспектива получения новых уникальных данных, вторых – возможность формирования хорошо воспроизводимых, сопоставимых, перспективных для многомерного анализа наборов данных. В качестве исследовательских в работе рассмотрены масс-спектрометрия ионно-циклотронного резонанса с преобразованием Фурье и методы ядерного магнитного резонанса на ядрах 13С и 1Н с преобразованием Фурье. В качестве рутинных описаны наиболее перспективные для анализа строения почвенного органического вещества методы: оптические (спектроскопия в ультрафиолетовом и видимом диапазоне и флуоресцентная спектроскопия), инфракрасная спектроскопия и пиролиз с газовой хроматографией и масс-детекцией.

The aim of the work was to briefly outline the main approaches to studying the structure of soil organic matter, allowing to obtain the most complete description of this unique natural phenomenon. The main attention is paid to the approaches implemented in the Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, examples of which are published in this special issue. Present methods can be divided into two large groups: research and routine. Research methods are methods and approaches that have been recently introduced or are being introduced into scientific practice. Routine ones are widely used to study soil organic matter. The advantage of the former is the prospect of obtaining new unique data, while the latter provide the ability to obtain well-reproducible, comparable results that are promising for multivariate analysis. The research methods considered in the work include ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with Fourier transform and nuclear magnetic resonance methods on 13C and 1H nuclei with Fourier transform. The most promising methods for analyzing the structure of soil organic matter are described as routine methods: optical methods (spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible range and fluorescence spectroscopy), infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis with gas chromatography and mass detection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.