esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-124-116-143esoil-976Research ArticleСпециальный номер "Органическое вещество почв"Special Issue "Soil Organic Matter"Микробиологические показатели динамики почвенного углеродаMicrobiological indicators of soil carbon dynamicshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-5793СеменовМ. В.SemenovM. V.

Семенов Михаил Вячеславович, заведующий лабораторией биологии почв и лабораторией почвенного углерода и микробной экологии ФГБНУ ФИЦ "Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева"

119017, Москва, Пыжевский пер, 7, стр. 2

7 Bld. 2 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow 119017

mikhail.v.semenov@gmail.comФИЦ “Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева”РоссияFederal Research Centre “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”Russian Federation2025200920250124"Почвенное органическое вещество"116143Copyright © Семенов М.В., 20252025Семенов М.В.Semenov M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/976

Микроорганизмы играют ключевую роль в динамике содержания и запасов почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ), перераспределяя углерод (С) на рост микробной биомассы, дыхание, синтез полимерных соединений, а также внутриклеточные и внеклеточные ферментативные процессы. В данной работе представлен обзор микробиологических показателей, используемых для изучения разложения, трансформации и стабилизации почвенного органического вещества, а также в моделировании динамики почвенного С. Рассматриваются такие микробиологические параметры цикла С, как углерод микробной биомассы (Cмик), ферментативная активность почвы, углерод микробной некромассы, эффективность использования углерода (CUE), базальное дыхание и структура микробного сообщества. Обсуждаются методы определения этих показателей, их интерпретация и примеры применения в математических моделях. Учитывая, что микробная некромасса составляет значительную часть ПОВ, а CUE является ключевым параметром баланса между минерализацией и стабилизацией С, интеграция микробиологических данных в прогностические модели может существенно повысить их точность. Для изучения механизмов микробной трансформации и стабилизации ПОВ необходимо количественное определение микробиологических показателей цикла С в различных почвенно-экологических условиях.

Microorganisms play a key role in the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) stocks, redistributing carbon (C) among microbial biomass growth, respiration, polymer synthesis, and intracellular and extracellular enzymatic processes. This paper provides a review of microbiological indicators used to study the decomposition, transformation, and stabilization of SOM, as well as their application in modeling soil C dynamics. This study examines microbiological parameters of the carbon cycle, such as microbial biomass C, soil enzymatic activity, microbial necromass C, C use efficiency (CUE), basal respiration, and microbial community structure. Methods for determining these indicators, their interpretation, and examples of their application in mathematical models are discussed. Given that microbial necromass constitutes a significant portion of SOM and that CUE is a key parameter balancing C mineralization and stabilization, integrating microbiological data into predictive models can significantly improve their accuracy. Quantitative determination of microbiological indicators of the С cycle under various soil and ecological conditions is essential for studying the mechanisms of microbial transformation and stabilization of SOM.

углерод микробной биомассыуглерод микробной некромассыферментативная активностьэффективность использования углерода микроорганизмамиmicrobial biomass carbonmicrobial necromass carbonenzymatic activitycarbon use efficiency in microorganismsРабота выполнена в рамках реализации важнейшего инновационного проекта государственного значения "Единая национальная система мониторинга климатически активных веществ" (Консорциум №4 «Углерод в экосистемах: мониторинг», Соглашение №ВИП ГЗ/24-4 от 11 марта 2024 года) и в рамках госзадания Минобрнауки России № FGUR-2025-0011 «Механизмы микробного преобразования секвестрированного углерода в почвах агроэкосистем».The work has been prepared within the framework of the implementation of a major state-level innovation project, “Unified National System for Monitoring Climate-Active Substances” (Consortium No. 4 “Carbon in Ecosystems: Monitoring”, Agreement No. VIP GZ/24-4 of March 11, 2024), and under the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia No. FGUR-2025-0011 “Mechanisms of microbial transformation of sequestered carbon in agroecosystem soils”ReferencesБлагодатская Е.В., Семенов М.В., Якушев А.В. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.