esoilБюллетень Почвенного института имени В.В. ДокучаеваDokuchaev Soil Bulletin0136-16942312-4202V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute10.19047/0136-1694-2025-124-272-308esoil-982Research ArticleСпециальный номер "Органическое вещество почв"Special Issue "Soil Organic Matter"Иммобилизация лакказы на глинистых минералах как перспективный способ связывания углерода в почвахImmobilization of laccase on clay minerals as a promising approach to enhance organic carbon sequestration in soilshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-7976ЗаварзинаА. Г.ZavarzinA. G.

Заварзина Анна Георгиевна

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1

 

1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119234

zavarzina@mail.ruДеминВ. В.DeminV. V.

Демин Владимир Владимирович 

Факультет почвоведения

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1

1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119234

vvd@soil.msu.ruЛисовА. В.LisovA. V.

Лисов Александр Викторович 

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1

1 Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119234

lisov@ibpm.puschino.ruМГУ им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationМГУ им. М.В.ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation2025200920250124"Почвенное органическое вещество"272308Copyright © Заварзина А.Г., Демин В.В., Лисов А.В., 20252025Заварзина А.Г., Демин В.В., Лисов А.В.Zavarzin A.G., Demin V.V., Lisov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/982

Понимание механизмов, обеспечивающих накопление и стабилизацию углерода в почвах, необходимо для сохранения и повышения их секвестрационного потенциала, а также внедрения практик устойчивого землепользования при переводе почв в сельскохозяйственное использование. Целью работы было выявить роль фермента лакказы в связывании ароматического углерода минеральными фазами почв при концентрациях фенольных субстратов, близких к природным условиям. Лакказу гриба белой гнили древесины Cerrena unicolor (ВКМ F-3196) сорбировали на иллите и каолините, модифицированном гидроксидом алюминия – каолинит-Al(OH)x. В качестве абиогенного катализатора сравнения был взят один из распространенных природных оксидов марганца (IV) – пиролюзит b- MnO2. Окислительная активность минеральных фаз с 1 мМ АБТС (диаммониевая соль 2,2'-азино-бис-(3-этилбензтиозолин-6- сульфокислоты) при рН 4.5 составляла для пиролюзита 124 Ед/г, иллита – 0.25 Ед/г и отсутствовала у модифицированного каолинита. Активность лакказы, иммобилизованной на модифицированном каолините и иллите, составляла 1.17 и 0.82 Ед/г соответственно. Эквимолярную смесь галловой, протокатеховой, п-гидроксибензойной, сиреневой, ванилиновой, феруловой кислот (0.01 мМ каждой в 0.01 М KNO3, pH 4.7) инкубировали с минеральными фазами в течение 1, 24 и 72 часов. Убыль кислот определяли методом обращенно-фазовой высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии, а растворенного углерода – на ТОС-L анализаторе. Наибольшая реакционная способность при взаимодействии со всеми минералами установлена для галловой кислоты (40–100% убыль за сутки) и в меньшей степени – протокатеховой (19–100% убыль за сутки). п-Гидроксибензойная кислота реагировала только с иллитом, а ванилиновая – только с пиролюзитом (50% убыль за сутки). Значимая трансформация сиреневой и феруловой кислот (80–100% за сутки) выявлена только в присутствии пиролюзита и комплекса “модифицированный каолинит-лакказа”. При меньшей (на 2 порядка) окислительной активности и меньшей (в 3 раза) площади поверхности (18 м2/г vs 54 м2/г у b-MnO2), комплекс каолинит-Al(OH)x- лакказа связывал за сутки количество углерода, сопоставимое с пиролюзитом (6.5 г/кг), а за трое суток – в 1.1 раза большее (7.3 г/кг). При близкой к комплексу модифицированный каолинит-лакказа активности и высокой площади поверхности (100 м2/г), количество углерода, связанного с иллитом в присутствии лакказы было в 3 раза меньше (1.7 г/кг). Лакказа усиливала связывание углерода с модифицированным каолинитом и иллитом в 2–3 раза. Результаты работы показывают важную роль лакказы и гидроксидов металлов в стабилизации Сорг. Сохранение и повышение природного уровня активности лакказ в почвах за счет регулирования рН и влажности, а также внесение препаратов лакказы в иммобилизованной форме в почвы может быть перспективным подходом для повышения секвестрационного потенциала почв агроландшафтов и обусловливает необходимость дальнейших исследований в данной области.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the accumulation and stabilization of organic carbon in soils is necessary to preserve and enhance their sequestration potential and to implement sustainable land use practices when converting soils to agricultural use. The aim of this work was to study the role of laccase in binding of phenolic acids to mineral phases and the role of laccase in organic carbon stabilization at low substrate concentrations occurring in soil solutions. The laccase of the white rot wood fungus Cerrena unicolor (VKM F-3196) was used as biotic catalyst. Laccase was immobilized on illite and on kaolinite modified with aluminum hydroxide – kaolinite-Al(OH)x. One of the common natural manganese (IV) oxides, pyrolusite (b- MnO2), was taken as a powerful abiotic catalyst for comparison. The oxidative activity with 1 mM ABTS (diammonium salt of 2,2'-azino-bis-(3- ethylbenzthiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) as a substrate at pH 4.5 was 124 U/g for pyrolusite, 0.25 U/g for illite and was absent in modified kaolinite. The activities of laccase immobilized on modified kaolinite and illite were 1.17 and 0.82 U/g, respectively. An equimolar mixture of gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, vanillic and ferulic acids (0.01 mM each in 0.01 M KNO3, pH 4.7) was incubated with minerals for 1, 24 and 72 hours. Phenolic acids loss was determined by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and carbon loss was determined on a TOC-L analyzer. The highest reactivity in interaction with all minerals was found for gallic acid (40–100% loss in 24 hours) and to a lesser extent for protocatechuic acid (19– 100% loss in 24 hours). Significant loss of p-hydroxybenzoic acid was observed only in the presence of illite and complex of illite with laccase, vanillic acid reacted only with pyrolusite (50% loss in 24 hours). The loss of syringic and ferulic acids (80–100% in 24 hours) was observed only in the presence of pyrolusite and complex of laccase with modified kaolinite. Despite 2 orders of magnitude lower oxidative activity and 3 times smaller surface area (18 m2/g versus 54 m2/g in b-MnO2) the complex kaolinite- Al(OH)x-laccase adsorbed an amount of Corg comparable to pyrolusite (6.5 g/kg). The amount of carbon bound to complex of illite-laccase was 3 times lower (1.7 g/kg) despite the highest surface area of illite (100 m2/g) and catalytic activity, similar to kaolinite-Al(OH)x-laccase. Laccase enhanced carbon binding by modified kaolinite and illite by 2–3 times. Our results show the important role of laccase and metal hydroxides in Corg stabilization. Preservation and enhancement of the natural level of laccase activity in soils by regulating pH and humidity, as well as the introduction of laccase preparations in immobilized form into soils may be a promising approach to increase organic carbon stabilization potential of soils of agricultural use and requires further research in this area.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.