Changes in typomorphic characteristics of southern chernozem during agricultural use

This work is devoted to the study of changes in the typomorphic characteristics of the chernozems of the southern Volgograd region on the territory of the former landfill of the USSR Academy of Sciences “Belye prudy”. The studies were carried out along a transect crossing two agricultural fields from west to east, located between three ribbons of the “PenzaKamensk” State Forest Belt. For the analysis of medium-term dynamics of soil characteristics, samples taken in 1950 and in the same places after 70 years, taken in 2021, were used. Complex studies were carried out according to the following characteristics: density of addition, aggregate composition, pH, content of humus, carbonates, salts, exchange bases. It was revealed that long-term agricultural use did not lead to significant changes in the morphological structure, particle size distribution, as well as humus and salt profiles of the studied modern soils. Studies in 2021 showed an increase in soil density, and in modern soils there is a tendency to acidify the upper part of the soil profile and, on the contrary, to alkalize its lower part. To identify factors of change in typomorphic characteristics, data from long-term observations (100 years) of climatic indicators were analyzed. A complex relationship has been identified between precipitation and moisture reserves in soils. A retrospective analysis showed high resistance to long-term agricultural use of the profile-forming process, which is explained by the constant climatic norm of soil formation, deep occurrence of groundwater, flat terrain, the presence of forest plantations and favorable climatic conditions. If the current trends in the amount and seasonal dynamics of precipitation continue, no significant changes in soil properties are predicted.  

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