Some aspects of soil formation on biogenic silicious rocks in Trans-Urals
https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2019-96-64-85
Abstract
Diatomites of the Paleocene-Eocene age are widespread in the Trans-Urals and act as soil-forming rocks in river valleys. At the same time the direction and nature of the processes of soil formation on such deposits are practically not studied. The paper presents the results of studying soil formation on diatomites for the territory of the Middle Trans-Ural region within the Sverdlovsk region. The main methods used for studying the soil formation process on diatomites were the soil-morphological and micromorphological ones. The studied soils, formed under pine forests on the indigenous banks of the river, can be classified as sod-podzolic (Albic Luvisols). They are characterized by the presence of-the strong bleached eluvial strata, with a characteristic structure and visually diagnosed traces of dissolution of the original rock. When studying in thin sections and using a scanning electron microscope, it is found that the processes of soil formation occur synchronously with the dissolution and destruction of silicon microfossils. The preliminary results obtained indicate that soils on diatomites and other rocks enriched with biogenic silica are unique natural objects, and their study can be useful for understanding the role of the lithogenic base in the formation of the silicon cycle and the contribution of biogenic silicon to soil formation.
About the Authors
A. O. KonstantinovRussian Federation
625000, Tyumen, Volodarskogo str., 38
P. V. Smirnov
Russian Federation
625000, Tyumen, Volodarskogo str., 38
D. A. Gavrilov
Russian Federation
630090, Novosibirsk, Akademika Lavrentieva Ave. 8/2
S. V. Loiko
Russian Federation
634050, Tomsk, Lenin Ave., 36
A. A. Novoselov
Russian Federation
625000, Tyumen, Volodarskogo str., 6
References
1. Aleksandrova G.N., Oreshkina T.V., Yakovleva A.I., Radionova E.P., Diatomei i dinotsisty v intervale paleotsena-rannego eotsena v biokremnistykh fatsiyakh srednego Zaural'ya (Late Paleocene - Early Eocene diatoms and dinocysts from biosiliceous facies of the middle Trans-Urals region), Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya korrelyatsiya, 2012, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 380404.
2. Baraboshkin E.Yu., Naidin D.P., Ben'yamovskii V.N., German A.B., Akhmet'ev M.A., Prolivy severnogo polushariya v melu i paleogene (Straits of the Northern Hemisphere in the Cretaceous and Paleogene), Moscow: Izdatel’stvo geologicheskogo fakulteta MSU, 2007, 182 p.
3. Vorobieva LA., Teoriya i praktika khimicheskogo analiza pochv (Theory and practice of soils chemical analysis), Moscow: GEOS, 2006, 400 p.
4. Generalov P.P., Drozhashchikh N.B., Opality eotsena Zapadnoy Sibiri (Opalites of the Eocene of Western Siberia), In: Opality Zapadnoy Sibiri, Tyumen: ZapSibNIGNI, 1987, pp. 3-10.
5. Glotov V.E., Pugachev A.A., Kremniyevyye porody v kaynozoyskikh osa-dochnykh basseynakh kak pochvoobrazuyushchiy substrat (Severo-Vostok Rossii) (Silica rocks as a soil-forming substratum in Cenozoic sedimentary basins (the Russian North-East)), Vestnik SVNTS DVO RAN, 2008, No. 2, pp. 90-95.
6. Distanov U.G., Chast' II. Kharakteristika syr'evoi bazy. Glava 1. Prognoz-naya otsenka regionov SSSR na opal-kristobalitovoe syr'e. Ural i Zapadnaya Sibir' (Part II. Characteristics of the raw materials base. Chapter 1. Forecasting the regions of the USSR on opal-cristobalite raw materials. 9. Ural and Western Siberia), In: Kremnistye porody SSSR, Kazan': Tatarskoye Knizhnoye Iz-datel'stvo, 1976, pp. 184-199.
7. Ivanova E.N., Pochvy yuzhnoi taigi Zaural'ya (Soils of Trans-Urals southern taiga), Trudy Pochvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 1954, Vol. XLIII, pp. 5-128.
8. Kazakov N.V., Pochva na diatomitovykh otlozheniyakh Yuzhnoy Kamchatki (pervoye opisaniye) (Soils of diatomaceous depositions, South Kamchatka (first description)), VestnikKRAUNTS. Nauki o Zemle, 2011, Issue 18, No. 2, pp. 135-141.
9. Kazakov N.V., Lyashchevskaya M.S., Grebennikova T.A., Usloviya formirovaniya pochvy na diatomitovykh otlozheniyakh (Yuzhnaya Kamchatka) (Conditions for soil formation on the diatomite deposits (South Kamchatka)), Vestnik KRAUNTS. Nauki o zemle, 2013, Issue 22, No. 2, pp. 168-177.
10. Matiushkina L.A., Golyeva A.A., Stenina A.S., Kharitonova G.V., Formy biogennogo kremnezema v lugovykh pochvakh Sredneamurskoy nizmennosti (Forms of biogenic silica in meadow soils of the middle Amur lowland), Regional'nyeproblemy, 2017, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 34-38
11. Sverdlovskaya oblast'. Pochvennaya karta (The Sverdlovsk Region. Soil map), scale 1 : 2 500 000, Natsional'nyi atlas pochv Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Moscow: MSU, 2011, pp. 486-487.
12. Sidorenkov A.I., Zarubko N.S., Samoshin A.A., Model' mekhanizma obrazovaniya trepelov i opok (Model of the mechanism of formation of trepoles and flasks), In: Kriterii prognoza mineral’nogo syr'ya v pripoverkhnostnykh obrazovaniyakh severa Zapadnoi Sibiri i Urala: Sbornik nauchnykh. Trudov (Criteria for the forecast of mineral raw materials in the near-surface formations of the north of Western Siberia and the Urals), Tyumen: ZapsibNIGNI, 1989, pp. 46-63.
13. Smirnov P.V., Konstantinov A.O., Biogennoye kremnenakopleniye v Zapadno-Sibirskom morskom basseyne v paleotsene-eotsene: faktory i stadia (Biogenic siliceous accumulation in Early Paleocene marine basins of Western Siberia: Factors and stages), Lithosphere (Russia), 2017, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 26-47.
14. Ushatinskii I.N., Sostav i usloviya formirovaniya kremnistykh formatsii Zapadno-Sibirskoi geosineklizy (Composition and conditions of formation of siliceous formations of the West Siberian geosyneclise), In: Opality Zapadnoy Sibiri, Tyumen: ZapSibNIGNI, 1987, pp. 39-48.
15. Chernyakhovsky A.G. Elyuvial'nyy protsess i pochvoobrazovaniye (Weathering and soil formation), Moscow: Nauka, 1994, 110 p.
16. Shishov L.L., Tonkonogov V.D., Lebedeva I.I., Gerasimova M.I., Klassifikatsiya i diagnostika pochv Rossii (Russian soil classification system), Smolensk: Oikumena, 2004, 342 p.
17. Clarke J., The occurrence and significance of biogenic opal in the regolith, Earth-Science Reviews, 2003, Vol. 60, No. 3-4, pp. 175-194.
18. Harben P.W., Diatomite, The industrial minerals handy book, 2nd ed., Warwick: Industrial Minerals Div., 1995, pp. 57-61.
19. IUSS Working Group WRB. World reference base of soil resources 2014, update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps, World soil resources reports No.106, Rome: FAO, 2015, 192 p.
20. Keller W.D., Textures of tripoli illustrated by scanning electron micrographs, Economic Geology, 1978, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 442-446.
21. Smirnov P.V., Konstantinov A.O., Batalin G.A., Gareev B.I.,Variability in distribution of major and trace elements in Lower Eocene siliceous sections of the Transuralian Region, Russia, Acta Geochimica, 2018, DOI: 10.1007/s11631-018-0290-7.
Review
For citations:
Konstantinov A.O., Smirnov P.V., Gavrilov D.A., Loiko S.V., Novoselov A.A. Some aspects of soil formation on biogenic silicious rocks in Trans-Urals. Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin. 2019;(96):64-85. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2019-96-64-85