Микробиом постагрогенных палевых почв центральной Якутии

Изучено микробное сообщество палевых почв естественных, залежных и сельскохозяйственных экосистем центральной Якутии. Использован метод высокопроизводительного секвенирования фрагмента гена 16S рРНК на секвенаторе Illumina MiSeq. В палевых почвах залежных земель происходит снижение содержания питательных веществ по отношению к землям, вовлеченным в сельскохозяйственный оборот. В составе микробиома палевых почв преобладают бактерии из филумов Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Pseudomonadota (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria), Bacterioidota, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetota. Выявлена высокая численность таксонов микроорганизмов Udaeobacter, Pirullulacea и Acidobacteriota, характерных для микробиома мерзлотных почв. Почвы залежей и пашни характеризовались более высокими индексами микробного альфа-разнообразия по сравнению с почвами естественных экосистем. В почве залежи повышалась представленность архей и филума Chloroflexi, при этом снижалась доля Verrucomicrobiota и Acidobacteriota. До 17.8% филотипов в таксономическом составе микробиома палевых почв являются уникальными и до 25.7% – общими между залежными и фоновыми участками. Анализ бета-разнообразия микробиома разных типов земель свидетельствуют о том, что палевые почвы залежей центральной Якутии за последние 30 лет претерпели значительную трансформацию в сторону зональных почвенных рядов.

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