Физические механизмы стабилизации углерода почвами (обзор)

Стабилизация почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ) является ключевым условием сохранения плодородия и сокращения эмиссии углекислого газа из почвы в атмосферу в процессе сельскохозяйственной деятельности. Актуальным научно-практическим направлением исследований является разработка технологий возделывания, обеспечивающих оптимальные физические свойства почвы для роста и развития растений, а также для жизнедеятельности почвенного микробиома. Это требует понимания физических механизмов регуляции баланса углерода (С) почв и процессов трансформации органических веществ. Цель данной статьи – сделать обзор существующих представлений о физических факторах и механизмах стабилизации С в почвах, а также описать физические процессы, регулирующие цикл С почв. Взаимосвязь процессов трансформации ПОВ и физических факторов почвообразования показана через призму современного понимания концепции структурной организации почв, так как ПОВ играет ключевую роль в формировании почвенной структуры и определяет ее качество. Проведен анализ развития методов и методологии физики почв, и рассмотрены наиболее перспективные для понимания цикла С направления исследований. Особое внимание в обзоре уделено влиянию физических свойств почв на рост и развитие растений как основного источника поступающих органических веществ и необходимого условия для секвестрации С почвами. Также рассмотрены существующие ограничения для использования физических параметров почв в математическом моделировании процессов стабилизации С.

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