Потери органического углерода из почвы в результате перевода естественных лесов в сельскохозяйственные земли: Опыт Эритреи

Преобразование естественных лесов в сельскохозяйственные угодья может привести к значительным потерям органического углерода в почве. Оценка запасов почвенного органического углерода при таких изменениях в землепользовании важна для рационального использования земель, повышения плодородия почв, восстановления экосистем и разработки мер по смягчению последствий изменения климата. Однако информация о состоянии запасов почвенного органического углерода при таких видах землепользования в Эритрее и в регионе в целом весьма ограничена. Таким образом, целью исследования была оценка запасов почвенного органического углерода в естественных лесах, при непрерывном и переложном земледелии и на пастбищах. Пятьдесят один образец из верхнего слоя почвы был отобран из четырех вариантов землепользования в окрестностях Ади Хакин, Лаэлай Гаш, Эритрея, и проанализирован. Результаты однофакторного дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA) показали, что изменения в землепользовании сильно влияют на запасы почвенного органического углерода (p < 0.001). В почвах под естественным лесом и при непрерывном земледелии зарегистрированы максимальные (51.69 Мг·га^-1) и минимальные (21.23 Мг·га^-1) значения средних запасов почвенного органического углерода соответственно. На пастбищах  и  при  переложном  земледелии  запасы  почвенного органического углерода составили 22.74 и 23.57 Мг·га^-1 соответственно. Преобразование естественных лесов в участки непрерывного земледелия, в пастбища и в угодья переложного земледелия на исследуемой территории с течением времени привело к потере 59, 56 и 54% запасов почвенного органического углерода и выбросу в атмосферу 112, 106 и 103 Мг CO₂ га^-1 соответственно. При традиционном сельском хозяйстве в атмосферу выбрасывается больше углерода, чем при остальных видах землепользования. Напротив, сохранение естественных лесов имеет решающее значение для секвестрации углерода и борьбы с выбросами CO₂ в атмосферу.

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