The substantiation of the first stage of works with the digital version of the State Soil Map (SSC) on elimination of differences on different sheets in the representation of genesis of soil-forming rocks, granulometric composition of soils and rocks is given. The content and characteristics of cartographic and literary sources containing information on the genesis of soil-forming rocks. Necessity of separate showing of granulometric composition of soil-forming rocks and soils on HCC is justified. Granulometric composition of soils on GPC is shown in the C horizon, which is a characteristic of deposits on which soils are formed. Granulometric composition of soils at description on of other maps is characterized by the upper horizons. On the example of specific analytical data of soils with differentiated granulometric composition of the profile shows ways to solve the problem.
Granulometric composition of soils with undifferentiated granulometric composition of the profile is identical to that of soil-forming factors.

The questions of using the concepts and methods of nanoscopic research in soil science are considered. These include the concept of nanoscopic particles, fundamental features of nanoscopic substances, genesis and geography of a large number of minerals with pronounced nanoscopic properties in soils. A number of regularities of nanoscopic minerals placement in soils of Russia and neighboring countries have been revealed. The differences between the main soil types from a nanoscopic point of view. The problem of introduction of nanoscopic research methods in soil science is discussed, and the prospects of using nanosized minerals and formations in improvement of land productivity, including fertilizer production and reclamation, as well as assessment of environmental situations, and design of soil protection measures.

Methodological issues of climate change reconstruction in different Holocene periods are considered by the method of complex group biological analysis of peat and sapropel deposits. The possibilities of the method are demonstrated by reconstructing the climate of the Carpathian and the Altai mountain systems. For the Skolevsky Beskids of the Carpathians, paleoclimatic scenarios were prepared in order to clarify the climatic conditions during the periods of mass terracing of mountain slopes. A climatic paleoscenario was built for the Western Altai to forecast the safety of the bronze barrows with permafrost inside designs.

Estimation of the impact of weather conditions on the change in the content of readily soluble salts and metabolic bases and humus in the reclaimed automorphic high-carbonate solonetzes of the dry-steppe zone at different of types of meliorative effects. The given results of researches show that weather conditions first of all render effects on rapidly changing soil properties, such as readily soluble salt content and exchangeable elements. There is no evidence of reliable correlations between humus content and weather conditions. Directionality and the share of the impact of climate indicators on different properties of reclaimed solonetzes is different, but in most cases it's is less than 30% of the share of influence of other factors.

In modern soil chemistry, four main directions are being actively developed: 1) chemistry of organic matter, 2) biochemical processes in soils, 3) chemical basis of soil protection, 4) soil study as
chemical membrane and a pool of chemical elements. Interest to the study of organic matter, soil contamination and the role of soil as a chemical component of the environment reflects pragmatic trends in modern soil chemistry. Many advances in soil chemistry are now associated with the use of new nonspecific methods of analysis, primarily physical ones. The greatest progress has been made in
identification of individual chemical compounds in soil when using synchrotron X-ray technology.

The technique of X-ray fluorescent energy dispersion method - X-ray radiometric analysis using 241Am isotope source for identification of lanthanides: praseodymium, neodymium and samarium - has been developed. The method is based on the elimination of barium distortion and lanthanum on the praseodymium and neodymium line, as well as the effects of lanthanum and selenium on the samarium line. On the basis of the new method it is possible to obtain mass data on the geochemistry of light lanthanides in soils.