Absence of regularity is shown and its reasons for spatial changes in quantitative parameters of humus accumulations and boiling depth from HCl are revealed; in this connection, their inadequacy as dividing lines of typical, ordinary and southern chernozems is grounded. The proposal to differentiate the considered group of chernozem subtypes on the basis of qualitative indices, first of all - features of carbonate profiles, most adequately reflecting the originality of modern regimes is considered.

Under the influence of the saline process (sodium exchange rate of 5-15% and specific electrical conductivity of the extract from the water-saturated paste ECse < 2 dSm/m) the well aggregated black earth material used for soil reclamation by means of hydromorphous black earth salt complexes starts to turn into a peptized state and is evolutionarily transformed into a texture-differentiated profile of saline soil. Part of the previously aggregated silt passes to the water-performed state and begins to move down the profile from 0-4 cm layer. Water-performed sludge consists of highly ordered complex mixed mica-smektite formations with a high content of smectite packets, hydro-mica, kaolinite, chlorite, as well as highly dispersed quartz. A distinctive feature of the soil surface horizons of the solonetz complex is the increased content of highly dispersed quartz of micron dimension. The composition of mineral components in the aggregated muds remains the same, but the share of hydro-mica increases, and mixed-layer mica-smektites have a more perfect structure due to less disordered structure in crystallites. The share of finely dispersed quartz in the aggregated silt fraction is less than that of water-peptized silt, and is more similar to that of loess-like loess-like loam, which is a soil-forming rock.

Changes in the microstructure of steppe and meadow-steppe solonetzes of the Caspian Sea, occupying flattened elevated micro-relief elements in the three-dimensional soil complex in the area of chestnut soils in the area of the Kislovskaya irrigation system, under the influence of irrigation on the background of planning and gypsum plastering are described. Loss of aggregated humus material during the planning of saline soils is the cause of low structural properties of irrigated saline soils. Their development requires the introduction of meliorants, changes in the microstructure of solonts during gypsum plastering are shown.

The process of oil inflow, distribution and transformation in the soils of the main landscapes of the taiga zone of Western Siberia within the boundaries of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is covered. Information on the properties of contaminated soils (chemozems) is provided. The peculiarities of soil cover structure of the territories subjected to oil contamination are considered. It is indicated that for phytomelioration as one of the most effective methods of recultivation.

According to the current ecotoxicological data of Dutch ecologists, hazardous heavy metals/metalloids in the soil form a number of: Se > Tl > Sb > Cd > V > Hg > Ni > Cu > Cr > As > Ba. This series differs greatly from a number of hazards of heavy elements, adopted in Russia in accordance with GOST 17.4.1.02-83, in which the danger of Pb, Zn, Co in soils is exaggerated, and V, Sb, Ba - underestimated. The list of hazardous elements in the soil should also include to be included in Tl, Cr. The content of heavy metals/metalloids in contaminated soils is studied very unevenly: better 11: Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, As, Mn, Co, Hg, Se; the other 46 were studied much worse, although there are dangerous ones among them: Ba, V, Tl.
In Russia, the information on the content of these elements in soils is not enough, and it is on them that the attention of soil scientists and ecologists should be focused.