Under discussion are concepts of a new universal scientific discipline - informaciology, its principles, methods and approaches to elaborating the soil classifications. A formalized definition of the classification concept is given as a knowledge-based one in information systems. From viewpoint of classiology the concept of classification is of two kinds by nature being subdivided into taxonomy and meronomy. Taxonomy assumes the relationship between any classification object and a lot formed by it, whereas meronomy - the relationship of the total object to its parts. Accordingly relationships of equivalence in taxonomy and tolerance in meronomy are used. A structural-functional scheme of the system is presented to realize an information approach to soil classification.

Under study are endogenic and exogenic pseudosoil formations within the tectonically active regions of the Earth. Red-colored clayey formations, saprolites, carbonate crusts and horizons, salt formations are considered as endogenic formations while mud flows and cryogenic formations - as exogenic ones. Several formations in tectonically active regions, which have been related to the soil cover prove to be pseudosoil formations.

The top peat in middle taiga of the Pre-Ob region represents a highly negative geochemical anomaly of several chemical elements as compared to that in southern taiga located in the middle and upper parts of this region. Obviously, due to close location of mountain systems (Altai, Salair ridge, Kuznetsk Alatau) and the aerial dust transfer the top peat in southern taiga is enriched with the major metals; this process is unachievable for the remote middle part of the Pre-Ob region.

It has been experimentally established that coprolites of earthworms have an increased content of carbon (33-51%) and nitrogen (3-50%) as compared to the surrounding soil. However, both C_ha and C_fa are extracted by alkaline and pyrophosphate-alkaline fractions from coprolites to a lesser extent. Probably, it is conditioned by specific character of humus substances in coprolites and their connection with the mineral part of the soil.

The composition of fine-dispersed fractions (<1, 1-5 5-10 mkm) extracted from zheltozems located in the northern part of humid-subtropical zone in the North-Western Caucasus is represented by clay and accompanying minerals,  which have been fixed earlier in weathering crusts and their derivates characteristic of the given natural zone. The clay  fraction consists of a set of mixed-layer minerals, in which chlorite-vermiculite and mica-smectite are dominating within the soil profile. Hydromicas of dioctahedric type and kaolinite are subordinates. In the course of soil formation the  profile became differentiated according to the content of the fraction < 1 mkm and the composition of minerals in it. In the  eluvial part of the profile the individual smectite is absent but hydromicas, kaolinite, chlorite-vermiculite reveal  accumulation. Among destruction products the lepidocrocite is segregated in the AYEL horizon to a considerable extent.. The 1-5, 5-10 mkm fractions are evenly distributed, quartz is dominated.

It is shown that the different composition of green manure in binary mixtures of sunflower, buckwheat and soybean can exert uneven effect on a set of soil properties which are vital for the fertility. The method is considered to construct the comparison variants for assessing the effects of mixing the green manure crops in agrocommunities on agrochemical, agrophysical and microbiological properties of soils. The close relationship was found between changes in these properties and indicators of productivity of green manure agrocommunities and the efficient soil fertility. Among the binary mixtures the soy + sunflower, buckwheat varieties Winged + sunflower and buckwheat varieties Demetra + sunflower are most promising for improving the fertility of chernozems.

Under study are changes in morphological, chemical and physicochemical properties of solonetz soils resulted from prolonged anthropogenic effects (more than 55 years) under conditions of forest amelioration in Pre-Ergeni plain of Kalmykia. The current status of anthropogenically-modified solonetz soils is conditioned by dissolution-salinization processes taken place in soils due to irrigation, being after that affected by forest amelioration and the aftereffect of deep meliorative tillages to a lesser extent. As a result of forestation the soils became moistened thanks to snow accumulation, the evaporation decreased thanks to shading of the soil surface. The root system improved the water permeability and produced CO₂ in order to increase the dissolution of carbonates in soil. Dissolution of the upper 50-65 cm layer of anthropogenically-modified soilonetz soils remains for a long period of time. General trend in the development of solonetz soils under forest plantations is directed to dissolving and decreasing the content of absorbed sodium in plough and subsurface horizons.