In the most of the cases, the practical use of knowledge about the soils is actualized by the use of the soil maps. The soil maps reflect the spatial inhomogeneities of soils in terms of accepted classification of soils. The prop on the basic classifications of soils leads to impossibility of the obtaining of the part of the properties of soils on the basis of traditional soil maps. However, these properties are important for the solving of agricultural tasks. The material composition, and also the processes occurring within the soils determine the plant growth, agrotechnics of their cultivation, and also terms, quantity, and quality of fertilizers, which are needed to be implemented for the soil. In other words, the classification of soils should be substantive and process for its use in agriculture. Taking into account actual state of the soil science, the special classification of soils may be replaced by geographic informational system, created for the purposes of agriculture. This system will contain the collected and linked together information about the spatial variation of separate important agronomic properties. It will also contain such data, which are necessary for geo-informational modeling of actual processes, occurring within the soil. Such computer system may serve as the basis for the assessment of soil quality for the purposes of one or another type of desirable land use, and also, for modeling of economic and ecologic efficiency of the land use. Only those properties which are necessarily should be taken into account in terms of the particular type of the use may be included into the assessment under each of the land use type.

The mineral composition of the fine fractions (<1, 1-5, 5-10 μm) is investigated. These fractions were separated from agro soddy-podzolic soils (Eutric Retisol Episiltic, Endoclayic, Aric, Cutanic, Greyzemic) with the second humus layer, which were developed on the clay loam mantle of silty large pulverescent clay loams of driftless area of Kama River area within Vyatka region. The soils have texture differentiation according to eluvial and illuvial type due to <1 μm fraction. The mineral composition of a fraction <1 μm of clay loam mantle is presented by complex interstratifications with mixed layers. They are characterized by segregation of the following packs: smectitic, micaceous, chloritic, and vermiculitic. Hydromicas, smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite are present among the individual minerals. Podzol formation led to the changes of correlations of the major mineral phases and the type of structure of formations with mixed layers. The increasing of hydromicas and chlorites occurred within the eluvial part of the profile. Individual smectite and mica-smectites disappeared. The type of alternation of packs of 1.4 nm phase of the fraction also changed: this phase is presented by chlorite- vermiculite instead of mica-smectites. mica-smectite neoformations along with chlorite- vermiculite are presented within the transitional horizon BEL. Their number is increased downwards the profile, and reachs its maximum within the BT1 horizon and parent material. The higher content of individual smectite and chlorite is marked within the deposits of Kama River area within Vyatka region in comparison to clay loam mantle of Klin-Dmitrov Ridge. The distribution of fine silt fraction (1-5 μm) has a very complicated character: equal content within the parent material and the upper layers, and the minimal content at the BT horizon in the middle part of the profile. It is a result of the particulate outflow of the fine silt fraction from the eluvial part of the profile. The outflow of fine silt fraction is lower than the outflow of clay. The total relative decrease of 1-5 μm fraction is due to eluvial-illuvial distribution of the clay fraction. The mineral composition of fine silt fraction sharply differs from that of <1 μm fraction by the significant quartz content and potassic feldspars. The highest amount of potassic feldspars is observed within AELhh horizon. The following fact may be specified in distribution of layered silicates: the eluvial part of the profile includes hydromicas, kaolinite, chlorite, and chlorite-vermiculite interstratifications. Downwards the profile there are observed chlorite-smectite interstratifications. Their maximal amounts were detected within the carbonatic part of the profile BCca,nc,dc from the depth of 115-125 cm.

The paper describes the procedure of cadastral works of the identification of contaminated territories; the types and efficiency of measures of rehabilitation in order to reduce the contamination by 137Cs production to the appropriate level of sanitary and hygienic standards. On the example of the collective farms of the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region (in which sandy, loamy, gley and peat soils dominate) affected by the Chernobyl accident, the assessment of cadastral estimation of agricultural lands contaminated with radionuclides is carried out. Cadastral estimation of arable lands, hayfields and pastures used for agricultural production is calculated. The cadastral value of agricultural land contaminated with radionuclides is calculated for arable land with crop zone rotation (grain, potatoes, annual grasses) and sections of hay-pasture use (perennial grasses). Studies are conducted both in local level (individual farms) and regional (the all area). It is shown, that cadastral estimation of agricultural land changes as follows: arable lands from 23 to 59 thousand rub/ha, hayfields and pastures from 75 to 86 thousand rub/ha in dependence on contamination levels of¹³⁷Cs and soil characteristics. The results of this research can be used by agriculture, cadastral engineer and investment-governmental companies operating in the field of agro-industrial complex on the contaminated areas.

The comparative assessment of the degree of solonetzic processes was conducted for the soils of solonetzic complexes in forest steppe and dry steppe zones. We analized virgin solonetzes and solonetzes affected by the agrogenic transformation with different content of exchangeable sodium and with different hydromorphism degree from Kostanai (Kazakhstan Republic), Astrakhan, Voronezh, Volgograd, Omsk, and Novosibirsk regions. We investigated meliorated solonetzes as with completely destructed profile, and with partically preserved solonetzic layer. For that purposes we used special B- grade, suggested by N.B. Khitrov. It is shown that solonetzic process is poorly manifested in virgin automorphic soils of dry steppe zone. The physical and chemical properties which are created after melioration do not encourage the restoration of solonetzic process. The solonetzic process in meadow-steppe solonetzes of dry steppe and, especially, forest steppe zones is active at the present moment. The melioration improves the properties of these soils, but it is insufficient for the destruction of physical and chemical conditions favourable for restoration of solonetzic process. The difference in post-meliorative development of solonetzes is stipulated by the initial degree of manifestation of solonetzic process in virgin soils at the present.

In this paper we consider plant (geobotanical) indicators of soils, occurring in regressive bogs in the north taiga subzone of West Siberia. The specificity of regressive bogs is the difference between current vegetation and botanical composition of the peat surface horizon, which complicates their biological diagnostics. The data on peat botanical composition, degree of decomposition and thickness are presented. Destructive oligotrophic peat soils, the allocation of which is provided in the actual Russian soil classification at the level of subtype, occur in palsa bogs under shrub-lichen vegetation. Their indicators include lichens: Cladonia stellaris, C. rangiferina, C. stygia, C. arbuscula, C. mitis, Alectoria ochroleuca, Сetraria islandica, C. laevigata, Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, Govardia nigricans. A new subtype - peat oligotrophic regressive soils - which occurs in non-freezing bog is suggested. The indicators of this soil subtype in pine-shrub-sphagnum bogs are lichens Cladonia cenotea, C. chlorophaea, C. coniocraea, C. cornuta, C. crispata, C. deformis, C. gracilis, C. fimbriata, C. mitis, C. ochrochlora, C. pleurota, C. polydactyla, C. pyxidata, C. rangiferina, C. stellaris, C. subulata, C. sulphurina and liverwort Mylia anomala . The indicators of regressive soils in bog hollows are mainly liverwort Cladopodiella fluitans , mosses Warnstorfia fluitans , W. exannulata , and lichen Cetrariella delisei .

The phosphate state of arable layers of eroded soils from the Centre of Russian plain was investigated. The investigation was conducted at the background of the parameters of sorption of phosphate-ion from different components of the organic matter. In terms of the assessment of the phosphate state of eroded soils was shown the informativity of phosphate-ion sorption characteristics of organic and organo-mineral fractions. The organic and organo-mineral fractions of the arable layers of non-eroded soils from the zonal range are characterized by the high level of phosphorus mobility and their ability to support the constant level of phosphates available for plants: agrosoddy-podzolic soils (17.9 ± 1.0 mg/kg) → agrogray soils (16.4 ± 1.7 mg/kg) → agrochernozems (15.5 ± 1.1 mg/kg). Р_oc forms a range: agrosoddy-podzolic soils (96.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg) → agrogray soils (118.2 ± 3.0 mg/kg) → agrochernozems (140.7 ± 3.1 mg/kg). In the Centre of Russian Plane, among the investigated zonal soils with maximal humus saturation of clay fractions, the soils with full profile within this complex are the most sustainable to erosion in conditions of particular ecologic situation. Agroecological features of eroded soils are increased sorption of phosphate-ion. The sorption characteristics alter in the direction of increasing the strength of phosphate-ion binding, reducing the amount of available phosphorus to plants: for agrosoddy-podzolic soils Р_lab - 10.8 ± 0.2 mg/kg, for agrogray soils - 9.2 ± 0.6 mg/kg, for agrochernozems - 9.1 ± 1.8 mg/kg. Р_oc forms a range: agrosoddy-podzolic soils (229.6 ± 3.5 мг/кг) → agrogray soils (230.9 ± 1.4 мг/кг) → agrochernozems (275.0 ± 4.6 mg/kg). This is due to the exposure of lower layers less humified, clay fractions which are enriched in the smectite component, contributing to an increase in the quantity of sorbed phosphorus soil solid phase. Therefore, in general, eroded soils are characterized by significantly lower sustainability, and, in particular, energetically less balanced phosphorus cycle.

The lithogenous minerals containing lantanides (Ln) are unsustainable within the zone of hypergenesis. Their dilution impoverish soils in terms of lantanides content, especially in humid regions. In conditions of neutral environmental pH in dry steppe zone, the lantanides loose their mobility, and, hence, become unavailable for plants. The lantanides are characterized by the high biochemical and biological activity. The physiologic impact of lantanides on plants is set. The separate parts of vascular plants accumulate lantanides in different degree. The difference may reach 100-fold level. For many plants the accumulation of lantanides occurs at the reverse order: roots > leaves > stalks > grain/fruits. Lantanides accumulators (such as brackens), promote their accumulation within the humus layer of soils. Fertilizers with lantanides are widely implemented in China. They powder seeds and implement top dressing in soils with lantanides deficit, i.e., with low bulk content and/or with low availability for plants. Although at moderate increasing of Ln concentration in solution, there is often observed the increasing of the crop yield in laboratory conditions. However, the implementation of lantanides in the soil does not always give the positive effect. The main share of Ln in the soils with high sorption capacity is sorbed, and the increasing of doses leads to the decrease of the yield. The light lantanides are characterized by physical and chemical properties equal to Cа2+. And the mass replacement of Cа2+ by lantanides harms the development of plants. The high doses of lantanides have a negative impact on the biochemical processes in plants. The competition with iron and phosphorus is stipulated by the close solubility of iron and lanthanum phosphates: the accumulation of La in plants tissues affects the content of P and Fe within them.